Transformasi Digital Sebagai Kapabilitas Strategis UMKM: Tinjauan Literatur Integratif Tentang Anteseden, Dampak Kinerja, dan Hambatan Implementasi
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Abstract
Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan tulang punggung perekonomian Indonesia, tetapi pemanfaatan teknologi digital oleh UMKM masih cenderung terbatas pada pemasaran daring dan belum menyentuh transformasi proses serta model bisnis secara menyeluruh. Artikel ini bertujuan mensintesis temuan literatur mengenai (1) faktor pendorong transformasi digital UMKM, (2) mekanisme pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja, dan (3) hambatan implementasinya, lalu merumuskan kerangka konseptual beserta proposisi penelitian. Penelitian menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur integratif terhadap artikel jurnal bereputasi, kajian sistematis, dan dokumen kebijakan yang relevan. Analisis tematik menunjukkan bahwa transformasi digital UMKM dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor individu pemilik, teknologi, organisasi, dan lingkungan; bahwa transformasi digital berperan sebagai mekanisme perantara antara sumber daya strategis dan kinerja; serta bahwa keterbatasan keterampilan, pendanaan, dan inersia organisasi menjadi penghambat utama. Artikel ini mengusulkan bahwa kapabilitas dinamis (sensing, seizing, dan transforming) menjadi penghubung antara anteseden dan transformasi digital, serta merekomendasikan pendekatan digitalisasi yang bertahap, selaras dengan kondisi internal, dan ditopang pembelajaran berkelanjutan.
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