Integrasi Skrining Penyakit Tidak Menular dan Edukasi Sanitasi Berbasis Sekolah di SMA Negeri 13 Makassar Integration of Non-Communicable Disease Screening and School-Based Sanitation Education at SMA Negeri 13 Makassar

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and sanitation-related problems remain important public health concerns that require early prevention through promotive and preventive approaches, including within school communities. This community service activity aimed to screen teachers for risk factors associated with NCDs and to improve students’ knowledge of sanitation and clean and healthy living practices at SMA Negeri 13 Makassar. The activity employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 22 teachers and 29 students. Health screening among teachers included measurements of blood pressure, random blood glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels, and urinalysis assessing urinary protein, pH, and specific gravity. Sanitation education for students was delivered through a rotating curriculum comprising three sessions: chemistry and nutrition; microbiology and parasitology; and physiology and urinalysis. Students’ knowledge was evaluated using pretests and posttests. Based on the categorization of examination results, 7 teachers (32%) had elevated blood pressure, 8 (36%) had high blood pressure, 3 (14%) had elevated random blood glucose levels, 15 (68%) had total cholesterol levels above the normal reference range, and 8 (36%) had uric acid levels above the normal reference range. In addition, 7 teachers (32%) had urinary specific gravity values outside the normal range. The sanitation education intervention produced a moderate improvement in students’ knowledge (N-gain = 0.54) regarding the importance of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and disease prevention through healthy behaviors. These findings indicate that integrating health screening and sanitation education within the school environment is a relevant strategy, as the screening successfully identified several NCD risk factors among teachers.