Bioprocessing of Coconut Shell, Coffee Grounds, and Peat Fiber Wastes for Renewable Energy Production Rekayasa Bioproses Limbah Tempurung Kelapa, Ampas Kopi, dan Serat Gambut untuk Produksi Energi Terbarukan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increase in global energy demand and the accumulation of organic waste drive the need to utilize biomass as a renewable alternative energy. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, specifically moisture content and ash content, of biochar made from coconut shells, coffee grounds, and peat fiber based on the commercial briquette quality standard SNI 01-6235-2000. The methodological stages used include the carbonization (pyrolysis) process, particle size reduction, dough formulation using starch and lime binders, molding, and drying. The analysis results indicate that coffee grounds and coconut shells have the lowest average ash contents, successfully meeting the maximum SNI limit (≤8%) and making them highly feasible to be substituted as energy briquettes. Conversely, peat fiber produces a high ash content residue, making it less efficient as a fuel, but highly prospective to be repurposed as biochar (soil conditioner) in the agricultural sector. All initial biomass samples recorded a high moisture content, necessitating the optimization of post-molding thermal drying to meet the standard.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording.
References
N. I. D. Arista, "Karakteristik limbah pertanian dan dampaknya: Mengapa pengelolaan ramah lingkungan penting?," WHEM: Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 67-76, 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.61511/whem.v1i2.2024.1204
V. S. Sikarwar, M. Zhao, P. Clough, J. Yao, X. Zhong, M. Z. Memon, N. Shah, E. J. Anthony and P. S. Fennell, "An overview of advances in biomass gasification," Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 2939-2977, 2016. Link: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee00935b
D. F. Pisceselia, R. E. D. Putri and R. Gayatri, "Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon: Synthesis, Influencing Factors, and Applications in Environmental Remediation – A Review," Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 306-325, 2026. Link: https://doi.org/10.29103/cejs.v6i02.26954
A. Tomczyk, Z. Sokołowska and P. Boguta , "Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects," Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, vol. 19, pp. 191-215, 2020. Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11157-020-09523-3
I. Ardiansyah, A. Y. Putra and Y. Sari, "Analisis Nilai Kalor Berbagai Jenis Briket Biomassa Secara Kalorimeter," Journal Research and Education Chemistry, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 120-133, 2022. Link: https://doi.org/10.25299/jrec.2022.vol4(2).10735
Y. Ruslinda, F. Husna and A. Nabila, "Karakteristik Briket dari Komposit Smapah Buah, Sampah Plastik High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) dan Tempurung Kelapa sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternati di Rumah Tangga," Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5-14, 2017. Link: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v14i1.5-14
G. Murtaza, M. Usman, J. Iqbal, S. Hyder, F. Solangi, R. Iqbal, M. K. Okla, A. A. Al-Ghamdi, H. H. Elsalahy, W. Tariq and O. A. A. I. Al-Elwany, "Liming potential and characteristics of biochar produced from woody and non-woody biomass at different pyrolysis temperatures," Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 11469, 2024. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-61974-8
E. Kabir, K. Kim and E. E. Kwon, "Biochar as a tool for the improvement of soil and environment," Frontiers in Environmental Science, vol. 11, 2023. Link: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1324533
Iwan, "Pemanfaatan Biochar Dari Limbah Pertanian Sebagai Pembenah Tanah Untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Tukar Kation," Jurnal Ilmu Agroteknologi Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27-32, 2026. Link: https://doi.org/10.70134/jigrona.v2i1.1066
R. E. D. Putri, D. I. Lestari, D. A. Sari, Z. P. Putri and S. Maliki, "Potential of Biomass Raw Material for Biochar Production: A Review," Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 528-553, 2025. Link: https://doi.org/10.29103/cejs.v5i04.23084
R. W. Putri, Rahmatullah, S. Susanti, M. A. Habsyari, S. T. Aliyah and M. Wijayanti, "Karakterisasi Perbandingan Bahan Baku Sekam Padi dan Campuran Sekam Padi-Ampas Tebu terhadap Kualitas Briket," Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 160-167, 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2024.2018
M. Sigiro, I. J. Alexander, J. Marbun and S. Silitonga, "Analisis Nilai Kalor, kadar Abu, dan Kadar Air Biobriket Kulit Pisang," Jurnal ilmu Pendidikan, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 172-182, 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.31957/jipi.v12i3.3992
A. D. Oktania, A. Kurnain and F. Razie, "Karakteristik Kimia Tanah Gambut pada Tiga Tipe Penggunaan Lahan," Acta Solum, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 101-106, 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.20527/actasolum.v2i2.2440
F. Bao, Z. Dong, R. Zhang, F. Qi, X. Dai and X. Qiu, "Preparation and properties of high-performance polyimide copolymer fibers containing rigid pyrimidine and benzoxazole moieties with hydrogen bonding," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 12, pp. 1143-1156, 2021. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.056
J. Kujawska, E. Wojtas and B. Charmas, "Biochar Derived from Sewage Sludge: The Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on Chemical Properties and Agronomic Potential," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 18, pp. 1-18, 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188225
Y. Ju, K. Yu, G. Wang, W. Li, K. Zhang, S.. Li, L. Guo, Y. Sun, H. Feng, P. Qiao and R. Ali, "Coupling response of the Meso–Cenozoic differential evolution of the North China Craton to lithospheric structural transformation," Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 223, 2021. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103859
S. S. Sahoo, V. K. Vijay, R. Chandra and H. Kumar, "Production and characterization of biochar produced from slow pyrolysis of pigeon pea stalk and bamboo," Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, 2021. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100101
Yuniarti, E. Megawati, A. Dewi, D. Ariyani, M. R. Vegatama and A. Sahara, "Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Karakteristik Arang Hasil Pirolisis Kulit Kolang-Kaling (Arenga pinnata)," DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1020-1030, 2022. Link: https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v8i4.410%20
Y. Wang, Y. Xie, L. Qi, Y. He and H. Bo, "Synergies evaluation and influencing factors analysis of the water–energy–food nexus from symbiosis perspective: A case study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 818, 2022. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151731
S. Hou, H. Zhang, P. Wang, M. Zhang and P. Yang, "Multiwall carbon nanotube decorated hemin/Mn-MOF towards BPA degradation through PMS activation," Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, 2022. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108426
R. Petlickaite, A. Jasinskas, K. Romaneckas, K. Venslauskas and M. Prapaliauskas, "Technological and Environmental Assessment of Multi-Crop Biomass Ash Application in Agriculture," Agriculture, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1-18, 2026. Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16050549
P. Baraniecki, F. Latterini, W. Stefanoni, J. Frankowski, K. Wielgusz and L. Pari, "Assessment of the Working Performance of an Innovative Prototype to Harvest Hemp Seed in Two Different Conditions of Terrain Slope," Agronomy, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2022. Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010185