Integrasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal Belom Bahadat Dalam Model Evaluasi Kirkpatrick: Kerangka Konseptual Untuk Evaluasi Program Pelatihan Konseling Menyusui Di Kalimantan Tengah Integration Of Belom Bahadat Local Wisdom Values Into The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model: A Conceptual Framework For Evaluating Breastfeeding Counseling Training Programs In Central Kalimantan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia masih berada pada angka 55,5% (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia/SKI, 2023), jauh berada di bawah target nasional 80%, hal serupa terjadi di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, yaitu hanya 54,4%. Pelatihan konseling menyusui bagi tenaga kesehatan merupakan strategi kunci dalam meningkatkan capaian ASI Eksklusif, namun evaluasi pelatihan yang ada umumnya menggunakan model Kirkpatrick tanpa mempertimbangkan dimensi budaya lokal. Artikel konseptual ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan nilai kearifan lokal Belom Bahadat yang merupakan falsafah hidup masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah ke dalam model evaluasi Kirkpatrick empat level (Reaksi, Pembelajaran, Perilaku, Hasil) sehingga evaluasi memiliki pendekatan baik kontekstual maupun kultural. Melalui metode kajian literatur sistematis terhadap publikasi 2020-2025, diketahui bahwa model Kirkpatrick tidak menangkap dimensi relasional, etika komunikasi, dan keadilan sosial dalam praktik konseling kesehatan berbasis komunitas. Nilai-nilai Belom Bahadat yang meliputi tata krama, kesetaraan, kejujuran, kebersamaan, dan harmonisasi secara konseptual dapat diintegrasikan ke setiap level Kirkpatrick sebagai bagian evaluasi yang memperkuat validitas model. Kerangka integrasi ini menghasilkan novelty teoritik berupa model evaluasi pelatihan kesehatan yang sensitif budaya, dengan pengembangan instrumen evaluasi berbasis kearifan lokal untuk program pelatihan konseling menyusui di Kalimantan Tengah.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording.
References
Alsalamah, A., & Callinan, C. (2021). Adaptation of Kirkpatrick's four-level model of training criteria to evaluate training programmes for head teachers. Education Sciences, 11(3), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030116
Ambu-Saidi, B., Fung, C. Y., Turner, K., & Lim, A. S. S. (2024). A critical review on training evaluation models: A search for future agenda. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 10(1), 142-170. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.6336.2024
Beyene, B. N., Wako, W. G., Moti, D., Edin, A., & Debela, D. E. (2025). Postnatal counseling promotes early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12, 1473086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1473086
Bulkani, B., Riadin, A., Ni'mah, N., & Setiawan, M.A. (2025). Impact of holistic learning models on character development: a systematic review. The Education and Science Journal, 27(5), 111–141. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2025-5-111-141
Cahapay, M. B. (2021). Kirkpatrick model: Its limitations as used in higher education evaluation. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 8(1), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.856143
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dakir, D. (2017). Pengelolaan budaya inklusif berbasis nilai Belom Bahadat pada Huma Betang dan transformasi sosial masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah. Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 7(1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.15642/religio.v7i1.707
Dighe, A. (2023). Moving beyond methods training: Key directions for decolonizing evaluation education in the global south. New Directions for Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20538
Di Malta, G., Cooper, M., Gololob, Y., O'Hara, M., & Stephen, S. (Eds.). (2024). The handbook of person-centred psychotherapy and counselling (3rd ed.). Bloomsbury Academic.
Elsheikh, S., Magdy, A., & Asem, L. (2025). Assessing infection control training in ICUs using the Kirkpatrick model: A prospective cohort study. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 14(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01587-6
Gupta, S., Sathe, S., Arya, K., Mitra, B., & Mangeshkar, A. (2025). Evaluation of an integrated teaching approach in physiology, anatomy, and biochemistry for phase I MBBS students using the Kirkpatrick model. Cureus, 17(7), e88879. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88879
Hamnoy, I. L., Kjelsvik, M., Bærug, A. B., & Dahl, B. M. (2024). Breastfeeding mother's experiences with breastfeeding counselling: A qualitative study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 19, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-024-00636-x
Iguago Angamarca, E. T., et al. (2025). Effectiveness of ethnic-cultural educational strategies for the promotion of breastfeeding. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(9), 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091416
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022a). Kurikulum pelatihan konseling menyusui (End User). Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022b). Pedoman pelatihan konseling menyusui bagi tenaga kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1994). Evaluating training programs: The four levels. Berrett-Koehler.
Kirkpatrick, J. D., & Kirkpatrick, W. K. (2016). Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation. ATD Press.
Kūkea Shultz, S., & Englert, C. S. (2021). Cultural validity as foundational to assessment development: An indigenous example. Frontiers in Education, 6, 701973. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.701973
McGuinness, D., Frazer, K., Conyard, K. F., Cornally, P., Cooper, L., & Vickers, N. (2025). Evaluating interdisciplinary breastfeeding and lactation knowledge, attitudes and skills: An evaluation of a professional graduate programme for healthcare professionals. PLOS ONE, 20(1), e0310500. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310500
Mertens, D. M., & Wilson, A. T. (2018). Program evaluation theory and practice (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Miranda, F. M. de, Santos, B. V. dos, Kristman, V. L., & Mininel, V. A. (2025). Employing Kirkpatrick's framework to evaluate nurse training: An integrative review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 33, e4431. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.7250.4431
Natalia, D., Munte, A., Tarantang, J., Kurniawan, R., & Pelu, I. E. A. S. (2024). Dinamika budaya Belom Bahadat: Studi kasus masyarakat Dayak di Palangka Raya dalam perspektif Max Weber dan Talcott Parson. Anterior Jurnal, 23(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v23i2.6923
Nguyen, B. T., Nguyen, V. A., Blizzard, C. L., Palmer, A., Nguyen, H. T., Quyet, T. C., Tran, V., Skinner, M., Perndt, H., & Nelson, M. R. (2024). Using the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate the effect of a primary trauma care course on health care workers' knowledge, attitude, and practice in two Vietnamese local hospitals. JMIR Medical Education, 10, e47127. https://doi.org/10.2196/47127
Oliveira, M. L., Loiacono, B., & Prough, J. (2022). Efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18(4), e13405. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13405
Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. (2008). Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Nomor 16 Tahun 2008 tentang Kelembagaan Adat Dayak di Kalimantan Tengah. Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Pasal 10 ayat (2) huruf e.
Putri, T. A., Safitri, N. A., Islami, N., Norhidayah, Aida, N., & Zulkarnain, A. I. (2024). Analisis Nilai Spiritual dalam Pembentukan Karakter pada Prinsip Belom Bahadat. Jurnal Intelek dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(2), 1131–1143.
Quinton, M. L., Tidmarsh, G., Parry, B. J., & Cumming, J. (2022). A Kirkpatrick model process evaluation of reactions and learning from My Strengths Training for Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811320
Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95–103.
Rucks, M., Bourgeois, I., & Lahey, T. (2024). Leveraging the Kirkpatrick four-level model to evaluate evaluation capacity building work. New Directions for Evaluation, 2024(181), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20619
Saldana Hossain, S., & Mihrshahi, S. (2022). Exclusive breastfeeding and childhood morbidity: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214804
Sharma, P., Bhatt, C. P., & Bhatt, A. (2024). Evaluating a research methodology workshop among postgraduate students using Kirkpatrick's model. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13, 88. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1026_23
Sudarmika, P., Nurhaeni, N. L. P., Agustini, T. F., & Santyasa, I. W. (2023). Training evaluation for nurses and midwives using the Kirkpatrick model: A qualitative study. International Journal of Health Sciences, 7(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7n1.14504
Tarantang, J., & Kasih, B. M. (2018). Jual beli tradisional masyarakat Dayak perspektif Belom Bahadat dan etika bisnis syariah. Journal Al-Qardh, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.23971/jaq.v3i2.1177
Tuhiwai Smith, L. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples (2nd ed.). Zed Books.
Vine, K., Benveniste, T., Ramanathan, S., Longman, J., Williams, M., Laycock, A., & Matthews, V. (2023). Culturally informed Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander evaluations: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14), 6437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146437
WHO. (2018). Guideline: Counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550468
WHO & UNICEF. (2021). Implementation guidance on counselling women to improve breastfeeding practices. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240032323
World Health Organization. (2021). Infant and young child feeding counselling: An integrated course — Participant's manual (2nd ed.). WHO. ISBN: 9789240032408.
WHO & UNICEF. (2025). Global nutrition targets 2030: Breastfeeding brief (WHO Reference No. B09382). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09382
Xiao, S., Henderson, J., Burns, E., & Schmied, V. (2023). Effects of breastfeeding training programmes for midwives on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 262. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05540-6
Zida, A., Lavis, J. N., & Sewankambo, N. K. (2022). Evaluation of three blended learning courses to strengthen health professionals' capacity in primary health care, management of sexual and reproductive health services and research methods in Guinea. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 494. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03540-0