Review: Risiko Stunting pada Anak yang Tinggal di Area Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil
Stunting Risk of Child Live in Small-Scale Gold Mining Areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33084/bjmlt.v3i1.1906Keywords:
Traditional Gold Mining, Mercury, Stunting, MalnutritionAbstract
Small Scale Gold Mining uses mercury to extract gold. Mercury exposure to children is associated with the risk of various health problems that can lead to stunting. This review was prepared with the aim of knowing the impact of mercury exposure on children living in the Small Scale Gold Mining area. The method used in the preparation of this narrative review is searching for information via the internet using google. Tracing results from various studies and electronic books stated that children living in ASGM areas are very vulnerable to mercury exposure either by inhalation by inhaling mercury vapor or ingestion by consuming food or drinks containing mercury. In addition, they are also very at risk of health problems such as malnutrition and infectious diseases, which are risk factors for stunting. Various risk factors that threaten the health of children living in ASGM areas can lead to stunting. However, there is still little research linking mercury exposure to stunting.
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References
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Chang, J.Y., Park, J.S., Shin, S., Yang, H.R., Moon, J.S., Ko, J.S., 2015. Mercury exposure in healthy Korean weaning-age infants: Association with growth, feeding and fish intake. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 14669–14689.
Darmadi, 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial, Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
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de Onis, M., Branca, F., 2016. Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Matern. Child Nutr. 12, 12–26.
Ekorinawati. 2010. Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Kadar Ferritin Pada Anak Usia 6 sampai 24 Bulan Di Puskesmas Kratonan Surakarta. [Surakarta]: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Esdaile, L.J., Chalker, J.M., 2018. The Mercury Problem in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining. Chem. - A Eur. J. 24, 6905–6916.
Feingold, B.J., Berky, A., Hsu-Kim, H., Rojas Jurado, E., Pan, W.K., 2020. Population-based dietary exposure to mercury through fish consumption in the Southern Peruvian Amazon. Environ. Res. 183, 108720.
Gibb, H., O’Leary, K.G., 2014. Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: A comprehensive review. Environ. Health Perspect. 122, 667–672.
Nelayesiana, B., 2019. Benarkah Pemberian Asi Dapat Menekan Ancaman Stunting?. Pekanbaru: Badan Pusat Statistik Pekanbaru.
Kemenkes RI, 2018. Buletin Stunting. Kementeri. Kesehat. Republik Indones. 301, 1163–1178.
Laksono, A.D., Kusrini, I., 2019. Gambaran Prevalensi Balita Stunting dan Faktor yang Berkaitan di Indonesia : Analisis Lanjut Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017 Gambaran Prevalensi Balita Stunting dan Faktor yang Berkaitan di Indonesia : Analisis Lanjut Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahu. Researchgate 0–12.
Marques, Rejane C., Dórea, J.G., Leão, R.S., Dos Santos, V.G., Bueno, L., Marques, Rayson C., Brandão, K.G., Palermo, E.F.A., Guimarães, J.R.D., 2012. Role of methylmercury exposure (from Fish Consumption) on growth and neurodevelopment of children under 5 years of age living in a transitioning (tin-mining) area of the Western Amazon, Brazil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 62, 341–350.
Ohlander, J., Huber, S.M., Schomaker, M., Heumann, C., Schierl, R., Michalke, B., Jenni, O.G., Caflisch, J., Muñoz, D.M., Von Ehrenstein, O.S., Radon, K., 2013. Risk factors for mercury exposure of children in a rural mining town in northern Chile. PLoS One 8.
Park, J.D., Zheng, W., 2012. Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. J. Prev. Med. Public Heal. 45, 344–352.
Picauly, I. & Toy, S.M., 2013. Analisis Determinan Dan Pengaruh Stunting Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Anak Sekolah di Kupang dan Sumba Timur, NTT. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 8(72), hal. 55-62.
Reinhardt, K., Fanzo, J., 2014. Addressing Chronic Malnutrition through Multi-Sectoral, Sustainable Approaches: A Review of the Causes and Consequences. Front. Nutr. 1.
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Riaz, A., Khan, S., Muhammad, S., Liu, C., Shah, M.T., Tariq, M., 2018. Mercury contamination in selected foodstuffs and potential health risk assessment along the artisanal gold mining, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Environ. Geochem. Health 40, 625–635.
Schipper, I., Haan, E. De, Dorp, M. Van, 2015. Gold from children’s hands Use of child-mined gold by the electronics sector.
Stewart, C.P. et al., 2013. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 9(2), hal. 27-45.
UNICEF, 2017. Laporan Baseline SDG tentang Anak-Anak di Indonesia. Kementeri. Perenc. Pembang. Nas. dan United Nations Child. Fund 1–105.
Veiga, M., Metcalf, S., Baker, R., Klein, B., Davis, G., Bamber, A., Siegel, S., Singo, P., 2006. Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Miners. Man. Train. Artis. Small-scale Gold Miners 144.
Vilcins, D., Sly, P.D., Jagals, P., 2018. Environmental risk factors associated with child stunting: A systematic review of the literature. Ann. Glob. Heal. 84, 551–562.
Weinhouse, C., Ortiz, E.J., Berky, A.J., Bullins, P., Hare-Grogg, J., Rogers, L., Morales, A.M., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W.K., 2017. Hair mercury level is associated with anemia and micronutrient status in children living near artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97, 1886–1897.
WHO (World Health Organization), 2007. Exposure to mercury: A major public health concern. Geneva: WHO.
WHO, 2016. Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining; 9241510277;World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
Wyatt, L., Ortiz, E.J., Feingold, B., Berky, A., Diringer, S., Morales, A.M., Jurado, E.R., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W., 2017. Spatial, temporal, and dietary variables associated with elevated mercury exposure in peruvian riverine communities upstream and downstream of artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14.
Wyatt, L., Permar, S.R., Ortiz, E., Berky, A., Woods, C.W., Amouou, G.F., Itell, H., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W., 2019. Mercury exposure and poor nutritional status reduce response to six expanded program on immunization vaccines in children: An observational cohort study of communities affected by gold mining in the peruvian amazon. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, 1–22.
Zhang, L.X., Koroma, F., Fofana, M.L., Barry, A.O., Diallo, S., Songbono, J.L., Stokes-Walters, R., Klemm, R.D., Nordhagen, S., Winch, P.J., 2020. Food security in artisanal mining communities: An exploration of rural markets in northern Guinea. Foods 9, 1–14.
Bose-O’Reilly, S., Lettmeier, B., Matteucci Gothe, R., Beinhoff, C., Siebert, U., Drasch, G., 2008. Mercury as a serious health hazard for children in gold mining areas. Environ. Res. 107, 89–97.
Chang, J.Y., Park, J.S., Shin, S., Yang, H.R., Moon, J.S., Ko, J.S., 2015. Mercury exposure in healthy Korean weaning-age infants: Association with growth, feeding and fish intake. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 14669–14689.
Darmadi, 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial, Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
De Onis, M., Blössner, M., Borghi, E., 2012. Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990-2020. Public Health Nutr. 15, 142–148.
de Onis, M., Branca, F., 2016. Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Matern. Child Nutr. 12, 12–26.
Ekorinawati. 2010. Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Kadar Ferritin Pada Anak Usia 6 sampai 24 Bulan Di Puskesmas Kratonan Surakarta. [Surakarta]: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Esdaile, L.J., Chalker, J.M., 2018. The Mercury Problem in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining. Chem. - A Eur. J. 24, 6905–6916.
Feingold, B.J., Berky, A., Hsu-Kim, H., Rojas Jurado, E., Pan, W.K., 2020. Population-based dietary exposure to mercury through fish consumption in the Southern Peruvian Amazon. Environ. Res. 183, 108720.
Gibb, H., O’Leary, K.G., 2014. Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: A comprehensive review. Environ. Health Perspect. 122, 667–672.
Nelayesiana, B., 2019. Benarkah Pemberian Asi Dapat Menekan Ancaman Stunting?. Pekanbaru: Badan Pusat Statistik Pekanbaru.
Kemenkes RI, 2018. Buletin Stunting. Kementeri. Kesehat. Republik Indones. 301, 1163–1178.
Laksono, A.D., Kusrini, I., 2019. Gambaran Prevalensi Balita Stunting dan Faktor yang Berkaitan di Indonesia : Analisis Lanjut Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017 Gambaran Prevalensi Balita Stunting dan Faktor yang Berkaitan di Indonesia : Analisis Lanjut Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahu. Researchgate 0–12.
Marques, Rejane C., Dórea, J.G., Leão, R.S., Dos Santos, V.G., Bueno, L., Marques, Rayson C., Brandão, K.G., Palermo, E.F.A., Guimarães, J.R.D., 2012. Role of methylmercury exposure (from Fish Consumption) on growth and neurodevelopment of children under 5 years of age living in a transitioning (tin-mining) area of the Western Amazon, Brazil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 62, 341–350.
Ohlander, J., Huber, S.M., Schomaker, M., Heumann, C., Schierl, R., Michalke, B., Jenni, O.G., Caflisch, J., Muñoz, D.M., Von Ehrenstein, O.S., Radon, K., 2013. Risk factors for mercury exposure of children in a rural mining town in northern Chile. PLoS One 8.
Park, J.D., Zheng, W., 2012. Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. J. Prev. Med. Public Heal. 45, 344–352.
Picauly, I. & Toy, S.M., 2013. Analisis Determinan Dan Pengaruh Stunting Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Anak Sekolah di Kupang dan Sumba Timur, NTT. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 8(72), hal. 55-62.
Reinhardt, K., Fanzo, J., 2014. Addressing Chronic Malnutrition through Multi-Sectoral, Sustainable Approaches: A Review of the Causes and Consequences. Front. Nutr. 1.
Resti, A., Nurdin, R., & Hermiyanty. 2018. "Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan di Wilayah Tambang Paboya, Kota Palu". Univeritas Tadulako: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Riaz, A., Khan, S., Muhammad, S., Liu, C., Shah, M.T., Tariq, M., 2018. Mercury contamination in selected foodstuffs and potential health risk assessment along the artisanal gold mining, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Environ. Geochem. Health 40, 625–635.
Schipper, I., Haan, E. De, Dorp, M. Van, 2015. Gold from children’s hands Use of child-mined gold by the electronics sector.
Stewart, C.P. et al., 2013. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 9(2), hal. 27-45.
UNICEF, 2017. Laporan Baseline SDG tentang Anak-Anak di Indonesia. Kementeri. Perenc. Pembang. Nas. dan United Nations Child. Fund 1–105.
Veiga, M., Metcalf, S., Baker, R., Klein, B., Davis, G., Bamber, A., Siegel, S., Singo, P., 2006. Manual for Training Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Miners. Man. Train. Artis. Small-scale Gold Miners 144.
Vilcins, D., Sly, P.D., Jagals, P., 2018. Environmental risk factors associated with child stunting: A systematic review of the literature. Ann. Glob. Heal. 84, 551–562.
Weinhouse, C., Ortiz, E.J., Berky, A.J., Bullins, P., Hare-Grogg, J., Rogers, L., Morales, A.M., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W.K., 2017. Hair mercury level is associated with anemia and micronutrient status in children living near artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97, 1886–1897.
WHO (World Health Organization), 2007. Exposure to mercury: A major public health concern. Geneva: WHO.
WHO, 2016. Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining; 9241510277;World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
Wyatt, L., Ortiz, E.J., Feingold, B., Berky, A., Diringer, S., Morales, A.M., Jurado, E.R., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W., 2017. Spatial, temporal, and dietary variables associated with elevated mercury exposure in peruvian riverine communities upstream and downstream of artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14.
Wyatt, L., Permar, S.R., Ortiz, E., Berky, A., Woods, C.W., Amouou, G.F., Itell, H., Hsu-Kim, H., Pan, W., 2019. Mercury exposure and poor nutritional status reduce response to six expanded program on immunization vaccines in children: An observational cohort study of communities affected by gold mining in the peruvian amazon. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, 1–22.
Zhang, L.X., Koroma, F., Fofana, M.L., Barry, A.O., Diallo, S., Songbono, J.L., Stokes-Walters, R., Klemm, R.D., Nordhagen, S., Winch, P.J., 2020. Food security in artisanal mining communities: An exploration of rural markets in northern Guinea. Foods 9, 1–14.
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Published
2020-10-31
How to Cite
Puspita, D., Patmasari, D., Sella, S., & Purbayanti, D. (2020). Review: Risiko Stunting pada Anak yang Tinggal di Area Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil: Stunting Risk of Child Live in Small-Scale Gold Mining Areas. Borneo Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology, 3(1), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.33084/bjmlt.v3i1.1906
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