Kadar Hemoglobin dan Status Besi Serum Pada Anak-Anak yang Terpapar Merkuri di Kawasan Pertambangan Emas Tradisional: Systematic Literature Review
Hemoglobin Levels And Serum Iron Status In Children Exposed To Mercury In Traditional Gold Mining Areas: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33084/bjmlt.v7i1.9011Keywords:
Tambang Emas, Paparan Merkuri, Hemoglobin, Besi SerumAbstract
Praktik penambangan emas skala kecil (ASGM) seringkali membawa risiko kesehatan serius, terutama bagi anak-anak karena penggunaan merkuri dalam proses ekstraksi emas telah terbukti berhubungan dengan masalah kesehatan, termasuk anemia terutama pada anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap literatur yang mengkaji hubungan antara paparan merkuri, kadar hemoglobin, dan status besi serum pada anak-anak di kawasan penambangan emas tradisional dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa paparan merkuri berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar hemoglobin, yang meningkatkan risiko anemia pada anak-anak. Penurunan kadar hemoglobin terkait dengan paparan merkuri yang lebih tinggi, dengan setiap peningkatan 1 μg/g merkuri dalam rambut anak-anak mengarah pada penurunan kadar hemoglobin sebesar 0.12 g/dL, yang lebih signifikan setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor-faktor lain seperti usia dan status gizi. Selain itu, paparan merkuri juga mempengaruhi sistem imun anak-anak, terutama di wilayah dengan masalah malnutrisi, yang mengurangi respons imun terhadap vaksinasi dan meningkatkan kerentanannya terhadap infeksi.
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