The Concept of Islamic Philanthropy and Its Potential for Disputes in Religious Courts
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Abstract
Islamic philanthropy has traditionally been understood primarily through the instruments of zakat, infak, sedekah and wakaf as part of Islamic social finance. This perspective has meant that the instruments within Islamic family law have not yet been extensively studied as part of Islamic philanthropy. This study aims to analyse the construction of Islamic philanthropy within family law and to identify potential disputes arising within the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts. This study is a normative legal study employing a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. Legal materials were obtained through a literature review and analysed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that Islamic philanthropy encompasses not only the instruments of zakat, infak, sedekah, and waqf, but also various family law instruments such as child maintenance, spousal maintenance, mut’ah, iddah maintenance, gifts, and wills. Based on these findings, Islamic philanthropy can be constructed into two dimensions: social philanthropy and family philanthropy. This framework implies an expansion of the scope of disputes concerning Islamic philanthropy falling within the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts, extending beyond zakat and waqf to include disputes arising from the implementation of maintenance, mut’ah, iddah maintenance, gifts, and wills. This research contributes to broadening the perspective of Islamic philanthropy studies and clarifies the position of the Religious Courts in resolving disputes arising from the practice of Islamic philanthropy.
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