Childfree Choice in Islamic Law: Balancing Individual Rights and Sharia Obligations
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Abstract
The childfree phenomenon increasingly prevalent in modern society creates tension between individual rights to remain childless and syar’i responsibilities regarding marriage and family formation, where classical scholars generally emphasized the obligation of having children as an integral part of marriage while contemporary scholars demonstrate greater flexibility, thus creating a gap in understanding that requires thorough scholarly examination. The objective of this research is to analyze the childfree phenomenon from the perspectives of classical and modern scholars within the framework of contemporary fiqh and to find a balance between individual autonomy and syar’i responsibilities. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical library study approach, the population consists of classical and contemporary fiqh literature, the sample was selected purposively including fiqh books, scholarly fatwas, and relevant academic articles, research instruments involve document analysis with data analysis techniques using content analysis and comparative methods to synthesize various perspectives. The research findings indicate that classical scholars generally view having children as a syar’i obligation based on Quranic verses and prophetic traditions, whereas modern scholars acknowledge individual considerations but still emphasize the importance of mutual consultation and agreement within marriage, the contribution of this research to scientific knowledge is providing a balanced theoretical framework in contemporary fiqh that respects individual rights while maintaining Islamic ethical principles in establishing a peaceful family life.
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