Sensitivitas Antibiotik dan Profil Bakteri pada Pasien Anak di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di Indonesi Antibiotic Sensitivity and Bacterial Profile in Pediatric Patients at Indonesian Teaching Hospital
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Abstract
Resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah serius secara global, terutama di negara berpendapatan rendah hingga menengah seperti Indonesia. Salah satu pendekatan untuk mengatasi resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik adalah dengan menerapkan program Penatagunaan Antimikroba (PGA) di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi distribusi jenis bakteri, penggunaan antibiotik empiris, serta pola sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif dengan cross-sectional dari Januari 2018 hingga Juni 2023. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien anak usia 1 bulan hingga 17 tahun yang memiliki hasil kultur bakteri dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik. Data yang tidak lengkap serta pasien dengan penyakit autoimun atau keganasan tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian. Dari analisis 120 sampel kultur bakteri positif, mayoritas berasal dari pasien usia 1 hingga 5 tahun. Jenis bakteri yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Escherichia coli (30,8%), Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (29,2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9,2%), dan Staphylococcus aureus (8,3%). Diagnosis tersering meliputi diare dan gastroenteritis akut, bronkopneumonia, serta infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Antibiotik empiris yang paling banyak diresepkan adalah seftriakson (34%), diikuti oleh ampisilin-sulbaktam (16,7%), ampisilin (14,1%), dan gentamisin (5,8%). Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi, khususnya pada anak-anak. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan antibiotik harus disesuaikan dengan indikasi yang tepat. Penting bagi klinisi untuk mengevaluasi pemilihan antibiotik berdasarkan kondisi klinis dan tingkat keparahan masing-masing pasien.
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