Tata Air dan Kerentanan Lingkungan Lahan Gambut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33084/mitl.v2i2.125Keywords:
gambut, tata air, kesuburan, drainase, bahan batar, kebakaran hutanAbstract
Tanah gambut memiliki penyebaran yang luas di Indonesia. Lahan-lahan dataran rendah di Palau pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Irian umunnyatertutup oleh endapan gambut. Gambut adalah bahan organik setengah lapuk yangterakumulasi di permukaan tanah. Bahan ini bersifat sangat sarang dan koloidal,serta dapat menyerap air sampai dengan salu setengah kali dari berat keringnya.Gambut unumnya terakumulasi pada permukaan tanah yang tergenang atau sangatlembap. Kimia air gamhut dicirikan dengan pH yang rendah karena tingginyakandungan asam humat. Kandungan nutrisi tanah gambut untuk tunbuhan sangat ditentukan oleh kedalaman lapisan mineral yang mengatasinya. Lahan gambut sering dikeringkan unuuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian dan hunian. Pengeringanlahan gambut dengan drainase yang terlalu dalaim dapat mengakibaikan penurunanmuka lahan sebagai akibat pemampatan, oksidasi dan erosi. Gambut keringmerupakan bahan bakar yang baik, sehingga pengeringan lahan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan mudahnya terjadi kebakaran lahan dan hutan.Downloads
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References
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Takahashi H., Y. Yonetani and H. Miyasaka, 1998. Micrometeorologicalaspects of tropical peat swamp forest and farmland in central Kalimantan. Ann. Rep. and Proc. for Int Workshop onEnvironmental Conservation and Land Use Management ofWetland Ecosystem in South East Asia. Hokkaido Univ.-LIPI-JSPS.
Takahashi H., A. Usup, C. Sato and H. Hasayaka, 2005. The importantof groundwater control for the prevention of the peat/forest firein tropical peatland.Ann. Rep. Environmental Conservation andLand Use Management of Wetland Ecosystem in South East Asia.Hokkaido Univ dan RC for Biologi Bogor Indonesia.
Usup A., Y. Hashimoto, M. Kamiya, H. Takahashi, and H. Hayasaka,2005: Combustion characteristic of peatland in CentralKalimantan. Ann. Rep. Environmental Conservation and LandUse Management of Wetland Ecosystem in South East Asia.Hokkaido Univ dan RC for Biologi-Bogor Indonesia.
Wosten dan Ritzema, 2003. Key aspect of Water management in sustainable development of peatland in Borneo. Proc. Symp. OfLand management andBiodiversity in Southeast Asea. HokkaidoUniv- RC for Biology – LIPI.
Djuwansah M. and D. Suherman, 2002, Shallow groundwater chemistry of Podzols in Central Kalimantan. Proc. Int. Symp. On Land Management and Biodiversity is South east Asia.
Hasegawa K., A. Mori and H. Sugimoto, 2003, Survey on flow discharge and cross sectional shapes at several sites in the Sebangau River in Dry season 2002, Ann. Rep. Evironmental conservation and landuse change of wettand ecosystem in Southeast Asia, Hokkaido Univ. dan RC for Biologi – Bogor Indonesia.
Hasegawa K, N Sumawidjaya and D, Tanaka, 2005, Time change of electric conductivity of water in Sebangau river due to tidal motion. Ann. Rep. Environmental Conservation and Land Use Management of Wetland iEosystem in South East Asia. Hokkaido Univ. dan RC for Bialogi Bogor Indonesia.
Hehuwat, F., 1982; An overview of peat deposits in Indonesia. Paper presented at Seminar on Peat for Energy Ue, Bandung Indonesa, National Institute of Geology and Mining, p.1-13.
Kayama, M., K. Takahashi and S.H. Limin, 2000, water Balance ofapeat swamp forest in the upper eatchment of Sebangau River. Proc. Int. Symp. On Tropical Peatlands. Siraduate school of enviromental earth sciences Hokkaido University-RDC for Biology LIPI, Bogor.
Muller, J., 1975: Pollen analytical studies of peat and coal fromNorthwest Borneo in Modern Quaternary Research in SoutheatAsia, p.83-86.
Page S., J. Rieley, D. Weiss, S. Gumiri, S. Winarti 1997, Peat andpeatwaterGeochemistry in the upper ctachment of the Sungai Sebangau Central Kalimantan. Ann, Rep. and Proc. for Int. Workshop on Environmental Conservation and Land UseManagement of Werland Ecosystem in South East Asia. Hokkaido Univ.–LIPI-JSPS.
Prasodjo and Mukarwoto, 1995; Developing peat mining in Indonesiaand ecological sustainable prineiples. Indonesían Mining Journal, V.1. No.3, p.78.86.
Sato C., A. Usup, H. Takahashi and S. H. Limin, 2003. Evapopration from a bare soil field and evapopration from a soybeati field in a tropical peatland of Central Kalimantan. Proc. Int. Symp. On Land Management and Biodiversity is South Asia.
Sumawidjaya N. and M. Djuwansah, 1997. Hydrolgy and Engineering aspect of wetland Ecosystem Including Softground Peat inIndonesia.Ann. Rep. and Proc for Int. Workshop on Environmental Conservation and Land Use Management of Wetland Ecosystem in Soulh East Asia. Hokkaido Univ-LIPI-JSPS.
Takahashi H., Y. Yonetani and H. Miyasaka, 1998. Micrometeorologicalaspects of tropical peat swamp forest and farmland in central Kalimantan. Ann. Rep. and Proc. for Int Workshop onEnvironmental Conservation and Land Use Management ofWetland Ecosystem in South East Asia. Hokkaido Univ.-LIPI-JSPS.
Takahashi H., A. Usup, C. Sato and H. Hasayaka, 2005. The importantof groundwater control for the prevention of the peat/forest firein tropical peatland.Ann. Rep. Environmental Conservation andLand Use Management of Wetland Ecosystem in South East Asia.Hokkaido Univ dan RC for Biologi Bogor Indonesia.
Usup A., Y. Hashimoto, M. Kamiya, H. Takahashi, and H. Hayasaka,2005: Combustion characteristic of peatland in CentralKalimantan. Ann. Rep. Environmental Conservation and LandUse Management of Wetland Ecosystem in South East Asia.Hokkaido Univ dan RC for Biologi-Bogor Indonesia.
Wosten dan Ritzema, 2003. Key aspect of Water management in sustainable development of peatland in Borneo. Proc. Symp. OfLand management andBiodiversity in Southeast Asea. HokkaidoUniv- RC for Biology – LIPI.
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Published
2017-08-01
How to Cite
Marlina, S. (2017). Tata Air dan Kerentanan Lingkungan Lahan Gambut. Media Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan (MITL), 2(2), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.33084/mitl.v2i2.125
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