Antibacterial Activity of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) Leaves Extracts Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Submitted
19 July 2020
19 July 2020
Published
30 November 2020
30 November 2020
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world and can be life-threatening as well. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) leaves ethanolic extract against MRSA's growth. Ageratum conyzoides leaves were extracted by ethanol and screened for their phytochemical constituent. Ethanolic extracts of A. conyzoides leaves were evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined using the agar dilution method. Phytochemical screening shows that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids or triterpenoids. Ageratum conyzoides leaves extract shows a 25.1 mm inhibitory zone at 12.5% extract concentration with MIC value equivalents to 4.46 x 10-6 g of gentamicin. This study concludes that A. conyzoides leaves ethanolic extracts have potential antibacterial activity against MRSA.
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References
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Chew, Y.L., Mahadi, A.M., Wong, K.M., & Goh, J.K. (2018). Anti-methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. And their mechanism of antibacterial activity. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 18(1), 70. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2137-5
Choo, E.J. & Chambers, H.F. (2016). Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Infection and Chemotherapy, 48(4), 267-273. doi:10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.267
Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564-582.
Galar, A., Weil, A.A., Dudzinski, D.M., Muñoz, P., & Siedner, M.J. (2019). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 32(2), e00041-18. doi:10.1128/CMR.00041-18
Garg, P., Gill, A., & Verma, R.K. (2015). In vitro antibacterial activity of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(7), 893-897.
Gorlenko, C.L., Kiselev, H.Y., Budanova, E.V., Zamyatnin, A.A., & Ikryannikova, L.N. (2020). Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics, 9(4), 170. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040170
Hu, W., Li, C., Dai, J., Cui, H., & Lin, L. (2019). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Litsea cubeba essential oil against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Industrial Crops and Products, 130, 34-41. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.078
Kamboj, A. & Saluja, A.K. (2008). Ageratum conyzoides L.: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2(2), 59-68. doi:10.22377/ijgp.v2i2.29
Kotta, J.C., Lestari, A.B.S., Candrasari, D.S., & Hariono, M. (2020). Medicinal Effect, In Silico Bioactivity Prediction, and Pharmaceutical Formulation of Ageratum conyzoides L.: A Review. Scientifica, 2020, 6420909. doi:10.1155/2020/6420909
Krause, K.M., Serio, A.W., Kane, T.R., & Connolly, L.E. (2016). Aminoglycosides: An Overview. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 6(6), a027029. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a027029
Marks, M.K. & Nwachuku, A.C. (1986). Seed‐bank characteristics in a group of tropical weeds. Weed Research, 26(3), 151-158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1986.tb00690.x
Mentari, I.A., Wirnawati, W., & Putri, M.R. (2020). Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) sebagai Kandidat Obat Karies Gigi. JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina) : Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 5(1), 1-9. doi:10.36387/jiis.v5i1.346
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (1980). Materia Medika Indonesia volume IV. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
Othman, L., Sleiman, A., & Abdel-Massih, R.M. (2019). Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Alkaloids in Middle Eastern Plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 911. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911
Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., & Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(7), 309-318. doi:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
Rossiter, S.E., Fletcher, M.H., & Wuest, W.M. (2017). Natural Products as Platforms to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance. Chemical Reviews, 117(19), 12415-12474. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00283
Sugara, T.H., Irawadi, T.T., Suprapto, I.H., & Hanafi, M. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Tanaman Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L). JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina) : Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 88-96. doi:10.36387/jiis.v1i1.34
Voravuthikunchai, S.P. & Kitpipit, L. (2005). Activity of medicinal plant extracts against hospital isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11(6), 510-512. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01104.x
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Amadi, B.A., Duru, M.K.C., & Agomuo, E.N. (2012). Chemical profiles of leaf, stem, root and flower of Ageratum conyzoides. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2(4), 428-432.
Aslam, B., Wang, W., Arshad, M.I., Khurshid, M., Muzammil, S., Rasool, M.H., Nisar, M.A., Alvi, R.F., Aslam, M.A., Qamar, M.U., Salamat, M.K.F., & Baloch, Z. (2018). Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infection and Drug Resistance, 11, 1645-1658. doi:10.2147/IDR.S173867
Astuti, H. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Air Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides, L.) terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus dan Escherichia Coli. Majalah Farmaseutik, 11(1), 290-293. doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v11i1.24118
Atisha, S.A. & Mita, S.R. (2018). Review : Herbal Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Sebagai Pengobatan Luka Terbuka. Farmaka, 16(3), 116-121. doi:10.24198/jf.v16i3.17419
Budiman, A. & Aulifa, D.A. (2020). A Study Comparing Antibacterial Activity of Ageratum Conyzoides L. Extract and Piper betle L. Extract in Gel Dosage Forms Against Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 473-477. doi:10.5530/pj.2020.12.73
Chew, Y.L., Mahadi, A.M., Wong, K.M., & Goh, J.K. (2018). Anti-methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. And their mechanism of antibacterial activity. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 18(1), 70. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2137-5
Choo, E.J. & Chambers, H.F. (2016). Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Infection and Chemotherapy, 48(4), 267-273. doi:10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.267
Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564-582.
Galar, A., Weil, A.A., Dudzinski, D.M., Muñoz, P., & Siedner, M.J. (2019). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 32(2), e00041-18. doi:10.1128/CMR.00041-18
Garg, P., Gill, A., & Verma, R.K. (2015). In vitro antibacterial activity of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(7), 893-897.
Gorlenko, C.L., Kiselev, H.Y., Budanova, E.V., Zamyatnin, A.A., & Ikryannikova, L.N. (2020). Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics, 9(4), 170. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040170
Hu, W., Li, C., Dai, J., Cui, H., & Lin, L. (2019). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Litsea cubeba essential oil against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Industrial Crops and Products, 130, 34-41. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.078
Kamboj, A. & Saluja, A.K. (2008). Ageratum conyzoides L.: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2(2), 59-68. doi:10.22377/ijgp.v2i2.29
Kotta, J.C., Lestari, A.B.S., Candrasari, D.S., & Hariono, M. (2020). Medicinal Effect, In Silico Bioactivity Prediction, and Pharmaceutical Formulation of Ageratum conyzoides L.: A Review. Scientifica, 2020, 6420909. doi:10.1155/2020/6420909
Krause, K.M., Serio, A.W., Kane, T.R., & Connolly, L.E. (2016). Aminoglycosides: An Overview. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 6(6), a027029. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a027029
Marks, M.K. & Nwachuku, A.C. (1986). Seed‐bank characteristics in a group of tropical weeds. Weed Research, 26(3), 151-158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1986.tb00690.x
Mentari, I.A., Wirnawati, W., & Putri, M.R. (2020). Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) sebagai Kandidat Obat Karies Gigi. JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina) : Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 5(1), 1-9. doi:10.36387/jiis.v5i1.346
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (1980). Materia Medika Indonesia volume IV. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
Othman, L., Sleiman, A., & Abdel-Massih, R.M. (2019). Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Alkaloids in Middle Eastern Plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 911. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911
Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., & Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(7), 309-318. doi:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
Rossiter, S.E., Fletcher, M.H., & Wuest, W.M. (2017). Natural Products as Platforms to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance. Chemical Reviews, 117(19), 12415-12474. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00283
Sugara, T.H., Irawadi, T.T., Suprapto, I.H., & Hanafi, M. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Tanaman Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L). JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina) : Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 88-96. doi:10.36387/jiis.v1i1.34
Voravuthikunchai, S.P. & Kitpipit, L. (2005). Activity of medicinal plant extracts against hospital isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11(6), 510-512. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01104.x
Authors
1.
Maulidya SAI, Nuari DA, Suryana S, Almarifah S. Antibacterial Activity of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) Leaves Extracts Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2020Nov.30 [cited 2025Apr.16];3(4):243-8. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/1552
Copyright (c) 2020 Selvira Anandia Intan Maulidya, Doni Anshar Nuari, Shendi Suryana, Sumia Almarifah
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