Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cod Liver Oil
Article Sidebar
Submitted
24 December 2020
Published
30 May 2021
Keywords:
-
SNEDDS, Oral delivery, Cod liver oil
Abstract
Cod liver oil (CLO) has long been used as medicine or as a functional food. The CLO is a potential source of vitamin D, vitamin A, and omega fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA and docosahexaenoic acid/DHA). Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) can enhance dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for oral administration. The objective of this study was to develop a SNEDDS of CLO with good physical characteristics and stability. The optimization formula was carried out using various ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The physical properties of SNEDDS were determined by transmittance percentage, dispersibility, robustness, thermodynamics stability (heating-cooling cycle, centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle), and globule size distribution. The optimum formula of CLO-SNEDDS was obtained at a ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant 2 : 1 and a comparison of oil and surfactant mixtures 1 : 6. The CLO-SNEDDS meets the requirement of percent transmittance (97.90±0.85), dispersibility (grade A), and stability based on robustness and thermodynamic stability tests. Diluted SNEDDS has an average globule size of 125 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.515. CLO-SNEDDS preparation has good physical characteristics and stability.
Full text article
Generated from XML file
References
1. Lentjes MAH, Mulligan AA, Welch AA, Bhaniani A, Luben RN, Khaw KT. Contribution of cod liver oil-related nutrients (vitamins A, D, E and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) to daily nutrient intake and their associations with plasma concentrations in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28(5):568-82. doi:10.1111/jhn.12271
2. Innes JK, Calder PC. Marine Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids for Cardiovascular Health: An Update for 2020. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1362. doi:10.3390/ijms21041362
3. Innes JK, Calder PC. The Differential Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2):532. doi:10.3390/ijms19020532
4. Tørris C, Småstuen MC, Molin M. Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2018;10(7):952. doi:10.3390/nu10070952
5. Yang S, Lin R, Si L, Li Z, Jian W, Yu Q, et al. Cod-Liver Oil Improves Metabolic Indices and hs-CRP Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:7074042. doi:10.1155/2019/7074042
6. Salama MF, Abbas A, Darweish MM, El-Hawwary AA, Al-Gayyar MMH. Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013;51(11):1435-43. doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.796564
7. Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, Harsløf LBS, Ciappolino V, Agostoni C. DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):6. doi:10.3390/nu8010006
8. Rathod G, Kairam N. Preparation of omega 3 rich oral supplement using dairy and non-dairy based ingredients. J Food Sci Technol. 2018;55(2):760-6. doi:10.1007/s13197-017-2988-7
9. Gulotta A, Saberi AH, Nicoli MC, McClements DJ. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for polyunsaturated (ω-3) oils: formation using a spontaneous emulsification method. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62(7):1720-5. doi:10.1021/jf4054808
10. Walker RM, Gumus CE, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Improvements in the formation and stability of fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions using carrier oils: MCT, thyme oil, & lemon oil. J Food Eng. 2017;211:60-8. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.004
11. García-Márquez E, Higuera-Ciapara I, Espinosa-Andrew H. Design of fish oil-in-water nanoemulsion by microfluidization. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2017;40:87-91. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2016.11.007
12. Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123-7. doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
13. Yin HF, Yin CM, Ouyang T, Sun SD, Chen WG, Yang XL, et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Genkwanin: A Novel Approach for Anti-Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:557-76. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S292417
14. Shahba AAW, Mohsin K, Alanazi FK. Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cinnarizine: Design, Optimization, and In-Vitro Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2012;13(3):967-77. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9821-4
15. Ujilestari T, Martien R, Ariyadi B, Dono ND, Zuprizal. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Amomum compactum essential oil: Design, formulation, and characterization. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018;8(6):14-21. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2018.8603
16. Zhao Y, Wang C, Chow AHL, Ren K, Gong T, Zhang Z, et al. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of Zedoary essential oil: formulation and bioavailability studies. Int J Pharm. 2010;383(1-2):170-7. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.035
17. Priani SE, Somantri SY, Aryani R. Formulasi dan Karakterisasi SNEDDS (Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Mengandung Minyak Jintan Hitam dan Minyak Zaitun. JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis). 2020;7(1):31-8. doi:10.25077/jsfk.7.1.31-38.2020
18. Patel J, Patel A, Raval M, Sheth N. Formulation and development of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of irbesartan. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011;2(1):9-16. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.79799
19. Ke Z, Hou X, Jia XB. Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for improved bioavailability of cyclovirobuxine D. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:2049-60. doi:10.2147/dddt.s106356
20. Savale SK. A Review - Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Int J Res Pharm Nanosci. 2015;4(6):385-97.
21. Ali HH, Hussein AA. Oral solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of candesartan citexetil: formulation, characterization and in vitro drug release studies. AAPS Open. 2017;3:6. doi:10.1186/s41120-017-0015-8
22. Priani SE, Nurrayyan N, Darusman F. Formulation self nano emulsifying drug delivery system glimepiride using oleic acid as oil phase. Pharmaciana Jurnal Kefarmasian. 2017;7(2):267-76. doi:10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7387
23. Priani SE, Annisa A, Darma GCE. Dissolution enhancement of atorvastatin calcium by self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system using cremophor RH 40 and Transcutol P as surfactants. Drug Invent Today. 2018;10(Special Issue 5):3768-72.
24. Syukri Y, Fitriani H, Pandapotan H, Nugroho BH. Formulation, Characterization and Stability of Ibuprofen-Loaded Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Indones J Pharm. 2019;30(2):105-13. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss2pp105-113
25. Baloch J, Sohail MF, Sarwar HS, Kiani MH, Khan GM, Jahan S, et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Medicina. 2019;55(5):210. doi:10.3390/medicina55050210
26. Syukri Y, Martien R, Lukitaningsih E, Nugroho AE. Novel Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees: Characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;47:514-20. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.014
27. Parmar K, Patel J, Sheth N. Self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system for Embelin: Design, characterization and in-vitro studies. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2015;10(5):396-404. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2015.04.006
28. Winarti L. Formulation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Bovine Serum Albumin Using HLB (Hydrophilic-Lypophilic Balance) Approach. Indones J Pharm. 2016;27(3):117-27. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss3pp117
29. Tong Y, Wang Y, Yang M, Yang J, Chen L, Chu X, et al. Systematic Development of Self-Nanoemulsifying Liquisolid Tablets to Improve the Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of an Oily Drug, Vitamin K1. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10(3):96. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030096
30. Eid AM, Elmarzugi NA, Jaradat NA. Influence of sonication and in vitro evaluation of nifedipine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2019;55:e17497. doi:10.1590/s2175-97902019000217497
2. Innes JK, Calder PC. Marine Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids for Cardiovascular Health: An Update for 2020. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1362. doi:10.3390/ijms21041362
3. Innes JK, Calder PC. The Differential Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2):532. doi:10.3390/ijms19020532
4. Tørris C, Småstuen MC, Molin M. Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2018;10(7):952. doi:10.3390/nu10070952
5. Yang S, Lin R, Si L, Li Z, Jian W, Yu Q, et al. Cod-Liver Oil Improves Metabolic Indices and hs-CRP Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:7074042. doi:10.1155/2019/7074042
6. Salama MF, Abbas A, Darweish MM, El-Hawwary AA, Al-Gayyar MMH. Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013;51(11):1435-43. doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.796564
7. Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, Harsløf LBS, Ciappolino V, Agostoni C. DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):6. doi:10.3390/nu8010006
8. Rathod G, Kairam N. Preparation of omega 3 rich oral supplement using dairy and non-dairy based ingredients. J Food Sci Technol. 2018;55(2):760-6. doi:10.1007/s13197-017-2988-7
9. Gulotta A, Saberi AH, Nicoli MC, McClements DJ. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for polyunsaturated (ω-3) oils: formation using a spontaneous emulsification method. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62(7):1720-5. doi:10.1021/jf4054808
10. Walker RM, Gumus CE, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Improvements in the formation and stability of fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions using carrier oils: MCT, thyme oil, & lemon oil. J Food Eng. 2017;211:60-8. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.004
11. García-Márquez E, Higuera-Ciapara I, Espinosa-Andrew H. Design of fish oil-in-water nanoemulsion by microfluidization. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2017;40:87-91. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2016.11.007
12. Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123-7. doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
13. Yin HF, Yin CM, Ouyang T, Sun SD, Chen WG, Yang XL, et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Genkwanin: A Novel Approach for Anti-Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:557-76. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S292417
14. Shahba AAW, Mohsin K, Alanazi FK. Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cinnarizine: Design, Optimization, and In-Vitro Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2012;13(3):967-77. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9821-4
15. Ujilestari T, Martien R, Ariyadi B, Dono ND, Zuprizal. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Amomum compactum essential oil: Design, formulation, and characterization. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018;8(6):14-21. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2018.8603
16. Zhao Y, Wang C, Chow AHL, Ren K, Gong T, Zhang Z, et al. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of Zedoary essential oil: formulation and bioavailability studies. Int J Pharm. 2010;383(1-2):170-7. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.035
17. Priani SE, Somantri SY, Aryani R. Formulasi dan Karakterisasi SNEDDS (Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Mengandung Minyak Jintan Hitam dan Minyak Zaitun. JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis). 2020;7(1):31-8. doi:10.25077/jsfk.7.1.31-38.2020
18. Patel J, Patel A, Raval M, Sheth N. Formulation and development of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of irbesartan. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011;2(1):9-16. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.79799
19. Ke Z, Hou X, Jia XB. Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for improved bioavailability of cyclovirobuxine D. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:2049-60. doi:10.2147/dddt.s106356
20. Savale SK. A Review - Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Int J Res Pharm Nanosci. 2015;4(6):385-97.
21. Ali HH, Hussein AA. Oral solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of candesartan citexetil: formulation, characterization and in vitro drug release studies. AAPS Open. 2017;3:6. doi:10.1186/s41120-017-0015-8
22. Priani SE, Nurrayyan N, Darusman F. Formulation self nano emulsifying drug delivery system glimepiride using oleic acid as oil phase. Pharmaciana Jurnal Kefarmasian. 2017;7(2):267-76. doi:10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7387
23. Priani SE, Annisa A, Darma GCE. Dissolution enhancement of atorvastatin calcium by self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system using cremophor RH 40 and Transcutol P as surfactants. Drug Invent Today. 2018;10(Special Issue 5):3768-72.
24. Syukri Y, Fitriani H, Pandapotan H, Nugroho BH. Formulation, Characterization and Stability of Ibuprofen-Loaded Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Indones J Pharm. 2019;30(2):105-13. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss2pp105-113
25. Baloch J, Sohail MF, Sarwar HS, Kiani MH, Khan GM, Jahan S, et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Medicina. 2019;55(5):210. doi:10.3390/medicina55050210
26. Syukri Y, Martien R, Lukitaningsih E, Nugroho AE. Novel Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees: Characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;47:514-20. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.014
27. Parmar K, Patel J, Sheth N. Self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system for Embelin: Design, characterization and in-vitro studies. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2015;10(5):396-404. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2015.04.006
28. Winarti L. Formulation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Bovine Serum Albumin Using HLB (Hydrophilic-Lypophilic Balance) Approach. Indones J Pharm. 2016;27(3):117-27. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss3pp117
29. Tong Y, Wang Y, Yang M, Yang J, Chen L, Chu X, et al. Systematic Development of Self-Nanoemulsifying Liquisolid Tablets to Improve the Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of an Oily Drug, Vitamin K1. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10(3):96. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030096
30. Eid AM, Elmarzugi NA, Jaradat NA. Influence of sonication and in vitro evaluation of nifedipine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2019;55:e17497. doi:10.1590/s2175-97902019000217497
Authors
1.
Priani SE, Rahayu DP, Maulana IT. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cod Liver Oil. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2021May30 [cited 2024Dec.21];4(2):128-34. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/1942
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors continue to retain the copyright to the article if the article is published in the Borneo Journal of Pharmacy. They will also retain the publishing rights to the article without any restrictions.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Any article on the copyright is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share work with an acknowledgment of the work authors and initial publications in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published articles (e.g., post-institutional repository) or publish them in a book, with acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process. This can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citations of published work.
- The article and any associated published material are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Article Details
