Acute Toxicity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves Extract on Female Wistar Rats
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Submitted
7 February 2021
7 February 2021
Published
28 February 2023
28 February 2023
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Abstract
Ipomoea reptans Poir has many health benefits, such as decreasing blood glucose and as an antioxidant. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are an innovation in pharmaceutical technology that minimizes drug molecules and maximizes surface area, thus increasing drug absorption. This study aimed to investigate SNEDDS of I. reptans acute toxicity in female Wistar rats. An acute toxicity test was done using a limit test of OECD 423. Female Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups, with three animals for each group being used per step. No animals died after they were given SNEDDS of I. reptans leaves extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. No toxic effect was detected at clinical examination and histopathology of the organ. SNEDDS of I. reptans leaves extract had an LD50 cut-off value of 5000 mg/kg.
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References
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19. Patel J, Kevin G, Patel A, Raval M, Sheth N. Design and development of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for telmisartan for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm Investig. 2011;1(2):112-8. doi:10.4103/2230-973x.82431
20. Walum E. Acute Oral Toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1998;106(Suppl 2):497-503. doi:10.2307/3433801
21. Erhirhie EO, Ihekwereme CP, Ilodigwe EE. Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2018;11(1):5-12. doi:10.2478/intox-2018-0001
22. Yazid MFHA, Ta GC, Mokhtar M. Classified Chemicals in Accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals: Comparison of Lists of the European Union, Japan, Malaysia and New Zealand. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):152-8. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.002
23. Bishop PL, Manuppello JR, Willett CE, Sandler JT. Animal use and lessons learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(12):1631-9. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104666
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2. Mariani R, Perdana F, Fadhlillah FM, Qowiyyah A, Triyana H. Antioxidant activity of Indonesian water spinach and land spinach (Ipomoea aquatica): A comparative study. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019;1402:055091. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055091
3. Sharifi-Rad M, Fokou PVT, Sharopov F, Martorell M, Ademiluyi AO, Rajkovic J, et al. Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion. Molecules. 2018;23(7):1751. doi:10.3390/molecules23071751
4. Kurniawan H, Dacamis ES, Simamora A, Tobing PSDL, Hanapiah A, Santoso AW. Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-obesity Potential of Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves. Borneo J Pharm. 2020;3(4):216-26. doi:10.33084/bjop.v3i4.1583
5. Manvar MN, Desai TR. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Ipomoea aquatica. Indian J Med Sci. 2013;67(3):49–60. doi:10.4103/0019-5359.121115
6. Hayati F, Istikharah R, Arifah S, Nurhasanah D. Effect of LD50 of ethanolic leaf extract from Ipomoea reptans Poir. in rats. In Zairina E, Khotib J, Ardianto C, Sulaiman SAS, Sands C III, Welty T, editors. Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services. London: CRC press; 2017. p. 95–8.
7. Sivaraman D, Panneerselvam P, Muralidharan P, Prabhu TP. Preclinical Toxicological Profile of Hydroalcholic Leaf Extract of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk an Indian Medicinal Plant. Pharmacologia. 2013;4(2):107–16. doi:10.17311/pharmacologia.2013.107.116
8. Hayati F, Murwanti R, Zabrina G. Keamanan Pemberian Berulang Ekstrak Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans,Poir) Terstandar terhadap Fungsi Ginjal dan Hepar Mencit Betina. J Ilmiah Farmasi. 2013;10(1):1–6. doi:10.20885/jif.vol10.iss1.art1
9. Jumaryatno P, Chabib L, Hayati F, Awaluddin R. Stability study of Ipomoea reptans extract self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) as anti-diabetic therapy. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018;8(9):11–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.8903
10. Rehman FU, Shah KU, Shah SU, Khan IU, Khan GM, Khan A. From nanoemulsions to self-nanoemulsions, with recent advances in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2017;14(11):1325-40. doi:10.1080/17425247.2016.1218462
11. Nair AB, Singh B, Shah J, Jacob S, Aldhubiab B, Sreeharsha N, et al. Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Derived Tablet Containing Sertraline. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(2):336. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020336
12. Nasr A, Gardouh A, Ghorab M. Novel Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Olmesartan Medoxomil: Design, Formulation, Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2016;8(3):20. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics8030020
13. Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123-7. doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
14. Hayati F, Wibowo A, Jumaryatno P, Nugroho AT, Amalia D. Standardisasi Ekstrak Daun Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) Hasil Budi Daya di Wilayah Sardonoharjo, Sleman dan Potensinya sebagai Antioksidan. J Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones. 2015;13(2):151–7.
15. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals Test No 423. Acute oral toxicity. France: OECD; 2001. p. 1-26.
16. Baloch J, Sohail MF, Sarwar HS, Kiani MH, Khan GM, Jahan S, et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Medicina. 2019;55(5):210. doi:10.3390/medicina55050210
17. Wang CY, Yen CC, Hsu MC, Wu YT. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Enhancing Solubility, Permeability, and Bioavailability of Sesamin. Molecules. 2020;25(14):3119. doi:10.3390/molecules25143119
18. Izham MNM, Hussin Y, Aziz MNM, Yeap SK, Rahman HS, Masarudin MJ, et al. Preparation and Characterization of Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Citraland Its Antiproliferative Effect on Colorectal Cells In Vitro. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(7):1028. doi:10.3390/nano9071028
19. Patel J, Kevin G, Patel A, Raval M, Sheth N. Design and development of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for telmisartan for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm Investig. 2011;1(2):112-8. doi:10.4103/2230-973x.82431
20. Walum E. Acute Oral Toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1998;106(Suppl 2):497-503. doi:10.2307/3433801
21. Erhirhie EO, Ihekwereme CP, Ilodigwe EE. Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2018;11(1):5-12. doi:10.2478/intox-2018-0001
22. Yazid MFHA, Ta GC, Mokhtar M. Classified Chemicals in Accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals: Comparison of Lists of the European Union, Japan, Malaysia and New Zealand. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):152-8. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.002
23. Bishop PL, Manuppello JR, Willett CE, Sandler JT. Animal use and lessons learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(12):1631-9. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104666
Authors
1.
Putri CA, Hayati F, Chabib L, Pangestu MI. Acute Toxicity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves Extract on Female Wistar Rats. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2023Feb.28 [cited 2025Apr.16];6(1):1-7. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/2099
Copyright (c) 2023 Cynthia Astiti Putri, Farida Hayati, Lutfi Chabib, Muhammad Iqbal Pangestu
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