Cancer Statistics and Anticancer Potential of Peganum harmala Alkaloids: A Review
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Submitted
28 December 2021
28 December 2021
Published
28 February 2022
28 February 2022
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Although it develops in various organs and tissues, some species maintain a stable position in the ranking. Although the cancer causes are different, the specific grounds for each type are also noted. Sometimes the increase in incidents and mortality is associated with geographical reasons. Increases in statistics, expensive and chemotherapeutic methods focus on plant-based substances. One of such potential plants is Peganum harmala, which contains alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, harmol, and harmalol. The effects of these compounds on many cancer cells have been tested, and positive results have been obtained. This fact reinforces the claim that more in-depth research on noted alkaloids is needed.
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2. Ferysiuk K, Wójciak KM. Reduction of Nitrite in Meat Products through the Application of Various Plant-Based Ingredients. Antioxidants. 2020;9(8):711. doi:10.3390/antiox9080711
3. Thompson LA, Darwish WS. Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem. J Toxicol. 2019;2345283. doi:10.1155/2019/2345283
4. Mons U, Gredner T, Behrens G, Stock C, Brenner H. Cancers Due to Smoking and High Alcohol Consumption. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(35-36):571-7. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0571
5. Rumgay H, Shield K, Charvat H, Ferrari P, Sornpaisarn B, Obot I, et al. Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(8):1071-80. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00279-5
6. Wu S, Zhu W, Thompson P, Hannun YA. Evaluating intrinsic and non-intrinsic cancer risk factors. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3490. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05467-z
7. Tunbull C, Sud A, Houlston RS. Publisher Correction: Cancer genetics, precision prevention and a call to action. Nat Genet. 2019;51(1):196. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0326-2
8. Choudhari AS, Mandave PC, Deshpande M, Ranjekar P, Prakash O. Corrigendum: Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:175. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00175
9. Goldstein DA, Clark J, Tu Y, Zhang J, Fang F, Goldstein R, et al. A global comparison of the cost of patented cancer drugs in relation to global differences in wealth. Oncotarget. 2017;8(42):71548-55. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17742
10. Shabani SHS, Tehrani SSH, Rabiei Z, Enferadi ST, Vannozzi GP. Peganum harmala L.'s anti-growth effect on a breast cancer cell line. Biotechnol Rep. 2015;8:138-43. doi:10.1016/j.btre.2015.08.007
11. Tehrani SSH, Shabani SHS, Enferadi ST, Rabiei Z. Growth Inhibitory Impact of Peganum harmala L. on Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Iran J Biotechnol. 2014;12(1):8-14. doi:10.5812/IJB.18562
12. Pratama MRF, Nasibova TA, Pratiwi D, Kumar P, Garaev EA. Peganum harmala and its alkaloids as dopamine receptor antagonists: in silico study. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2021;11(3):10301-16. doi:10.33263/BRIAC113.1030110316
13. Ozlü T, Bülbül Y. Smoking and lung cancer. Tuberk Toraks. 2005;53(2):200-9.
14. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 71(3):209-49. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
15. Shah SC, Kayamba V, Peek Jr RM, Heimburger D. Cancer Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Is It Time to Consider Screening? J Glob Oncol. 2019;5:1-8. doi:10.1200/jgo.18.00200
16. Rahib L, Wehner MR, Matrisian LM, Nead KT. Estimated projection of us cancer incidence and death to 2040. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e214708. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4708
17. Rahman R, Asombang AW, Ibdah JA. Characteristics of gastric cancer in Asia. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(16):4483-90. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4483
18. Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14(1):26-38. doi:10.5114/pg.2018.80001
19. Msyamboza KP, Phiri T, Sichali W, Kwenda W, Kachale F. Cervical cancer screening uptake and challenges in Malawi from 2011 to 2015: retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):806. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3530-y
20. Cumberbatch MGK, Jubber I, Black PC, Esperto F, Figueroa JD, Kamat AM, et al. Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Contemporary Update of Risk Factors in 2018. Eur Urol. 2018;74(6):784-95. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2018.09.001
21. Gangadi M, Kalpourtzi N, Gavana M, Vantarakis A, Chlouverakis G, Hadjichristodoulou C, et al. Prevalence of tobacco smoking and association with other unhealthy lifestyle risk factors in the general population of Greece: Results from the EMENO study. Tob Prev Cessation. 2021;7:61. doi:10.18332/tpc/140242
22. Apalla Z, Lallas A, Sotiriou E, Lazaridou E, Ioannides D. Epidemiological trends in skin cancer. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2017;7(2):1-6. doi:10.5826/dpc.0702a01
23. Giles GG, Marks R, Foley P. Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia. Br Med J. 1988;296(6614):13-7. doi:10.1136/bmj.296.6614.13
24. Gonçalves PH, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R. HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma and related diseases. AIDS. 2017;31(14):1903-16. doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001567
25. Ziegler JL. Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa and local volcanic soils. Lancet. 1993;342(8883):1348-51. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92252-o
26. Garg A, Chaturvedi P, Gupta PC. A review of the systemic adverse effects of areca nut or betel nut. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2014;35(1):3-9. doi:10.4103/0971-5851.133702
27. Auluck A, Hislop G, Poh C, Zhang L, Rosin MP. Areca nut and betel quid chewing among South Asian immigrants to Western countries and its implications for oral cancer screening. Rural Remote Health. 2009;9(2):1118.
28. Greenwell M, Rahman PKSM. Medicinal Plants: Their Use in Anticancer Treatment. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(10):4103-12. doi:10.13040/ijpsr.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12
29. Lucas DM, Still PC, Pérez LB, Grever MR, Kinghorn AD. Potential of plant-derived natural products in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Curr Drug Targets. 2010;11(7):812-22. doi:10.2174/138945010791320809
30. Panahi Y, Saadat A, Seifi M, Rajaee M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effects of Spinal-Z in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. J Pharmacopuncture. 2018;21(1):26-34. doi:10.3831/kpi.2018.21.004
31. Mashak B, Hoseinzadeh M, Ehsanpour A, Ghanbaran AR, Vakili M. Evaluation of treatment response and side effects of Spinal-Z in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care. 2017;6(3):e57870. doi:10.5812/jjcdc.57870
32. Nasibova T, Garaev EA. Study of the amino acid composition of Peganum harmala growing in Azerbaijan (in Russian). Chem Plant Raw Mater. 2021;1:121-8. doi:10.14258/jcprm.2021018253
33. Garaev EA, Nasibova T. Mineral analysis of Peganum harmala seeds. In: Proceedings of the IV All-Ukrainian Scientific-Practical Conference of Young Scientists; 2020 Mar 25; National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine. Berezotocha, Ukraine: National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine; 2020. p. 189.
34. Garaev EA, Nasibova T. Chemical composition of Peganum harmala seed oil. In: Proceedings of the Planta+: Achievements and prospects; 2020 Feb 20-21; Ukraine. Kiev, Ukraine: Kiev Medical University; 2020. p. 12.
35. Nasibova T, Garaev EA. Peganum harmala alkaloids positively affecting pain. Medicina. 2021; 57 (Supplement 1):262.
36. Kartal M, Altun ML, Kurucu S. HPLC method for the analysis of harmol, harmalol, harmine and harmaline in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2003;31(2):263-9. doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00568-x
37. Ding Y, He J, Huang J, Yu T, Shi X, Zhang T, et al. Harmine induces anticancer activity in breast cancer cells via targeting TAZ. Int J Oncol. 2019;54(6):1995–2004. doi:10.3892/ijo.2019.4777
38. Yun J. Inhibitory effects of harmine on migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by regulating notch signaling. Saengyak Hakhoe Chi. 2018;49(4):285-0.
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Nasibova T. Cancer Statistics and Anticancer Potential of Peganum harmala Alkaloids: A Review. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2022Feb.28 [cited 2025Mar.17];5(1):71-80. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/3052
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