Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical, and Pharmacology of Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.) – An Update Review
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Submitted
21 March 2022
21 March 2022
Published
31 May 2022
31 May 2022
Abstract
In Indonesia, Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. is known as Wijaya Kusuma. The plant is grown for home decorating and used widely as medicine in some areas. This narrative review discusses the pharmacognosy, phytochemical, and pharmacology aspects of E. oxypetalum. The review is limited to original articles and abstracts available in Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The keyword used to search the articles was “Epiphyllum oxypetalum”. The plant contains proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and resins. The plant has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Researchers interested in developing E. oxypetalum as a medicinal plant might use this review as a reference.
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References
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21. Artini NPR, Aryasa IWT. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bunga Wijaya kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum). J Ilmiah Medicamento. 2018;4(2):107–12. doi:10.36733/medicamento.v4i2.864
22. Biswal RA, Jayashree P, Mirunaalini K, Pazhamalai V. Molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds from the leaves of Epiphyllum oxypetalum against Treponema pallidum, Zika virus and liver cirrhosis. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2019;9(11):69–77. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2019.91109
23. Sripriya N, Kumar RM, Karthick NA, Bhuvaneswari S, Prakash NKU. In silico evaluation of multispecies toxicity of natural compounds. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2021;44(5):480-6. doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1614023
24. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Bhaskar VH. GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents in alcohol extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaves. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015;4(1):149–54.
25. Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Plants. 2017;6(4):42. doi:10.3390/plants6040042
26. Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review. Int Pharm Sci. 2011;1(1):98–106.
27. Abubakar AR, Haque M. Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(1):1–10. doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_175_19
28. Mosić M, Dramićanin A, Ristivojević P, Milojković-Opsenica D. Extraction as a critical step in phytochemical analysis. J AOAC Int. 2020;103(2):365–72. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.19-0251
29. Khadhraoui B, Ummat V, Tiwari BK, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Chemat F. Review of ultrasound combinations with hybrid and innovative techniques for extraction and processing of food and natural products. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021;76:105625. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105625
30. Gulcin İ. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(3):651–715. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3
31. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(8):118-26. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.70902
32. Munteanu IG, Apetrei C. Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3380. doi:10.3390/ijms22073380
33. Alam MN, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(2):143–52. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.002
34. Sadeer NB, Montesano D, Albrizio S, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety—chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations. Antioxidants. 2020;9(8):709. doi:10.3390/antiox9080709
35. Topçu G, Ertaş A, Kolak U, Öztürk M, Ulubelen A. Antioxidant activity tests on novel triterpenoids from Salvia macrochlamys. Arkivoc. 2007;7(7):195–208.
36. Syarif RA, Muhajiri, Ahmad AR, Malik A. Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Antioksidan dengan Menggunakan Metode Perendaman Radikal DPPH Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cordia myxa L. J Fitofarmaka Indones. 2015;2(1):83–9.
37. Artini NPR, Aryasa IWT. Efektivitas Bunga Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Wistar. J Muhammadiyah Med Lab Technol. 2019;2(2):37–46. doi:10.30651/jmlt.v2i2.2584
38. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Bhaskar VH. In Vitro Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. World J Pharm Res. 2015;4(7):1301–9.
39. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Naik A. Evaluating of Anti Inflammatory Activity of Alcohol and Aqueous Extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum Leaves. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;4(7):851–8.
40. Paralikar P. Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaves Extract of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum and its Antibacterial Activity. Austin J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2014;1(7):1–5.
41. Humaira S, Berata IK, Wardhita AAGJ. Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Marmut yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Tapak Dara (Cantharanthus roseus) dan Wijayakusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum). Indones Med Veterinus. 2020;9(1):12–20. doi:10.19087/imv.2020.9.1.12
42. Dwita LP, Hasanah F, Srirustami R, Repi, Purnomo R, Harsodjo S. Wound healing properties of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by topical application. Wound Med. 2019;26(1):100160. doi:10.1016/j.wndm.2019.100160
43. Artini NPR, Wahjuni S, Sulihingtyas WD. Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) sebagai Antioksidan pada Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Wistar. J Kimia J Chem. 2012;6(2):127–37.
44. Sonia R, Yusnelti, Fitrianingsih. Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus (Linn.)) sebagai Antihiperurisemia. J Kefarmasian Indones. 2020;10(2):130–9. doi:10.22435/jki.v10i2.2148
45. Momina SS, Rani VS. In vitro Studies on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Some Bioactive Extracts. J Young Pharm. 2020;12(2):72–5. doi:10.5530/jyp.2020.12s.50
46. Ebrahimi E, Shirali S, Afrisham R. Effect and mechanism of herbal ingredients in improving diabetes mellitus complications. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2017;12(1):e31657. doi:10.5812/jjnpp.31657
47. Ibrahim A, Kuncoro H. Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens JACK.) Terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen. J Trop Pharm Chem. 2012;2(1):8–18. doi:10.25026/jtpc.v2i1.43
Read More
2. Rohmad Y. Bunga Wijaya Kusuma (Mitos & Legenda, Klasifikasi Ilmiah, Budidaya, Khasiat Herbal, Komunitas). 1st Ed. Malang: Kebun Wijayakusuma; 2015.
3. Devi KRS, Narayana SL, Menghani P, Georgekutty J. Microscopic, pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dc) haw leaves. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(6):972–80.
4. Harmiatun Y, Sianipar H, Silahi M. Fenologi Pembungaan Pada Tanaman Wijaya Kusuma. J Pro-Life. 2016;3(3):183–94. doi:10.33541/jpvol6Iss2pp102
5. Ortiz TA, Moritz A, de Oliveira MA, Lone AB, Nakatani SH, Takahashi LSA. Optimal conditions for germination of seeds of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. African J Agric Res. 2014;9(34):2630–7. doi:10.5897/AJAR2014.8934
6. Agarwal S. Writing a Review Article: For the Beginners in Research. Int J Sci Res. 2014;3(10):813–5.
7. Hostettmann K, Wolfender JL, Terreaux C. Modern Screening Techniques for Plant Extracts. Pharm Biol. 2001;39(suppl 1):18–32. doi:10.1076/phbi.39.s1.18.0008
8. Ichim MC, Häser A, Nick P. Microscopic Authentication of Commercial Herbal Products in the Globalized Market: Potential and Limitations. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:876. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00876
9. Anu O, Rampe HL, Pelealu JJ. Struktur Sel Epidermis dan Stomata Daun Beberapa Tumbuhan Suku Euphorbiaceae. J MIPA. 2017;6(1):69–73. doi:10.35799/jm.6.1.2017.16160
10. Haryanti S. Jumlah dan Distribusi Stomata pada Daun Beberapa Spesies Tanaman Dikotil dan Monokotil. Buletin Anatomi Fisiologi. 2010;18(2):21–8. doi:10.14710/baf.v18i2.2600
11. Setiawati T, Syamsi IF. Karakteristik Stomata Berdasarkan Estimasi Waktu dan Perbedaan Intensitas Cahaya pada Daun Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. di Pangandaran, Jawa Barat. J Pro-Life. 2019;6(2):148–59. doi:10.33541/jpvol6Iss2pp102
12. Rasyid M, Irawati MH, Saptasari M. Anatomi Daun Ficus Racemosa L. (Biraeng) dan Potensinya di Taman Nasional Batimurung Bulusarung. J Pendidikan Teori Penelitian Pengembangan. 2017;2(6):861–6. doi:10.17977/jptpp.v2i6.9548
13. Ingale S, Mansoori MS. Proximate Composition of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum Stem Leaves. World J Pharm Res. 2015;23(1):29–34.
14. Ahn JY, Kil DY, Kong C, Kim BG. Comparison of Oven-drying Methods for Determination of Moisture Content in Feed Ingredients. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014;27(11):1615-22. doi:10.5713/ajas.2014.14305
15. Hikmawanti NPE, Hanani E, Maharani S, Putri AIW. Kadar Piperin Ekstrak Buah Cabe Jawa dan Lada Hitam dari Daerah dengan Ketinggian Berbeda. J Jamu Indones. 2021;6(1):16–22. doi:10.29244/jji.v6i1.176
16. Upendra RS, Khandelwal P. Assessment of nutritive values, phytochemical constituents and biotherapeutic potentials of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2002;4(Suppl 5):421–5.
17. Handoyo DLY. The Influence of Maseration Time (Immeration) on the Vocity of Birthleaf Extract (Piper Betle). J Farmasi Tinctura. 2020;2(1):34–41. doi:10.35316/tinctura.v2i1.1546
18. Susanty, Bachmid F. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Refluks terhadap Kadar Fenolik dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.). J Konversi. 2016;5(2):87–93. doi:10.24853/konversi.5.2.87-92
19. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, et al. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. J Food Eng. 2013;117(4):426–36. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
20. Jayashree P, Shalini M, Meenambiga SS, Suganya V. Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis of Epiphyllum oxypetalum flower extracts. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020;13(12):5893–7. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01028.8
21. Artini NPR, Aryasa IWT. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bunga Wijaya kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum). J Ilmiah Medicamento. 2018;4(2):107–12. doi:10.36733/medicamento.v4i2.864
22. Biswal RA, Jayashree P, Mirunaalini K, Pazhamalai V. Molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds from the leaves of Epiphyllum oxypetalum against Treponema pallidum, Zika virus and liver cirrhosis. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2019;9(11):69–77. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2019.91109
23. Sripriya N, Kumar RM, Karthick NA, Bhuvaneswari S, Prakash NKU. In silico evaluation of multispecies toxicity of natural compounds. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2021;44(5):480-6. doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1614023
24. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Bhaskar VH. GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents in alcohol extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum leaves. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015;4(1):149–54.
25. Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Plants. 2017;6(4):42. doi:10.3390/plants6040042
26. Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review. Int Pharm Sci. 2011;1(1):98–106.
27. Abubakar AR, Haque M. Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(1):1–10. doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_175_19
28. Mosić M, Dramićanin A, Ristivojević P, Milojković-Opsenica D. Extraction as a critical step in phytochemical analysis. J AOAC Int. 2020;103(2):365–72. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.19-0251
29. Khadhraoui B, Ummat V, Tiwari BK, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Chemat F. Review of ultrasound combinations with hybrid and innovative techniques for extraction and processing of food and natural products. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021;76:105625. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105625
30. Gulcin İ. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(3):651–715. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3
31. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(8):118-26. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.70902
32. Munteanu IG, Apetrei C. Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3380. doi:10.3390/ijms22073380
33. Alam MN, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(2):143–52. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.002
34. Sadeer NB, Montesano D, Albrizio S, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety—chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations. Antioxidants. 2020;9(8):709. doi:10.3390/antiox9080709
35. Topçu G, Ertaş A, Kolak U, Öztürk M, Ulubelen A. Antioxidant activity tests on novel triterpenoids from Salvia macrochlamys. Arkivoc. 2007;7(7):195–208.
36. Syarif RA, Muhajiri, Ahmad AR, Malik A. Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Antioksidan dengan Menggunakan Metode Perendaman Radikal DPPH Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cordia myxa L. J Fitofarmaka Indones. 2015;2(1):83–9.
37. Artini NPR, Aryasa IWT. Efektivitas Bunga Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Wistar. J Muhammadiyah Med Lab Technol. 2019;2(2):37–46. doi:10.30651/jmlt.v2i2.2584
38. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Bhaskar VH. In Vitro Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. World J Pharm Res. 2015;4(7):1301–9.
39. Dandekar R, Fegade B, Naik A. Evaluating of Anti Inflammatory Activity of Alcohol and Aqueous Extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum Leaves. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;4(7):851–8.
40. Paralikar P. Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaves Extract of Epiphyllum Oxypetalum and its Antibacterial Activity. Austin J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2014;1(7):1–5.
41. Humaira S, Berata IK, Wardhita AAGJ. Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Marmut yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Tapak Dara (Cantharanthus roseus) dan Wijayakusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum). Indones Med Veterinus. 2020;9(1):12–20. doi:10.19087/imv.2020.9.1.12
42. Dwita LP, Hasanah F, Srirustami R, Repi, Purnomo R, Harsodjo S. Wound healing properties of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by topical application. Wound Med. 2019;26(1):100160. doi:10.1016/j.wndm.2019.100160
43. Artini NPR, Wahjuni S, Sulihingtyas WD. Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) sebagai Antioksidan pada Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Wistar. J Kimia J Chem. 2012;6(2):127–37.
44. Sonia R, Yusnelti, Fitrianingsih. Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus (Linn.)) sebagai Antihiperurisemia. J Kefarmasian Indones. 2020;10(2):130–9. doi:10.22435/jki.v10i2.2148
45. Momina SS, Rani VS. In vitro Studies on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Some Bioactive Extracts. J Young Pharm. 2020;12(2):72–5. doi:10.5530/jyp.2020.12s.50
46. Ebrahimi E, Shirali S, Afrisham R. Effect and mechanism of herbal ingredients in improving diabetes mellitus complications. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2017;12(1):e31657. doi:10.5812/jjnpp.31657
47. Ibrahim A, Kuncoro H. Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens JACK.) Terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen. J Trop Pharm Chem. 2012;2(1):8–18. doi:10.25026/jtpc.v2i1.43
Authors
1.
Lesmana CA, Hikmawanti NPE, Yumita A. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical, and Pharmacology of Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.) – An Update Review. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2022May31 [cited 2025Apr.16];5(2):115-2. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/3342
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