Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe Leaves Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells
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Submitted
27 April 2022
27 April 2022
Published
28 February 2023
28 February 2023
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from Tampa badak (Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe) leaves against Artemia salina leach larvae was determined using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and was evaluated against T47D breast cancer cells using MTT assay method. The result of BSLT showed a consistent result with MTT assay, which is the result obtained that ethyl acetate extract is very toxic against A. salina Leach larvae with LC50 value of 8.61 µg/mL and very cytotoxic against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.87; 0.66; and 0.95 µg/mL at the 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation times, respectively. The MTT assay data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA statistical method to see the effect of the dependent variable (concentration and time) on the independent variable (% viability). Based on the statistical test result, there is a difference in % viability between concentrations of 0.1; 1; and 10 µg/mL (p <0.05), but the length of incubation does not affect % viability (p >0.05).
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13. Susanty A, Dachriyanus D, Yanwirasti Y, Wahyuni FS, Fadhli H, Aswan PA. Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Tampa Badak (Voacanga foetida (Bl.) K. Schum) pada Kanker Kolon HTB-38. J Sains Farmasi Klinis. 2018;5(2):142-6. doi:10.25077/jsfk.5.2.142-146.2018
14. Susanty A, Wahyuni FS, Amelia P, Miyama S, Hirasawa Y, Kaneda T, et al. Vobtusine from Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe Induces Apoptosis via Activation of Caspase Pathway in Human HL-60 Leukemia Cell. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol. 2020;10(6): 2536-41. doi:10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.12353
15. Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putman JE, Jacbsen LB, Nicols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General BioAssay for Active Plant Constituents. Plant Med. 1982;45(5):31-4. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971236
16. Ikhtiarudin I, Lelani, Zamri A, Teruna HY, Yuharmen. Sintesis dan Uji Toksisitas Senyawa Analog Kalkon Turunan 2’-Hidroksiasetofenon dan Halobenzaldehid. Photon J Sain Kesehatan. 2014;5(1):57-63. doi:10.37859/jp.v5i1.194
17. Susanty A, Dachriyanus D, Yanwirasti Y, Wahyuni FS, Amelia P, Frengki F, et al. Cytotoxic Activity, and Molecular Docking of Indole Alkaloid Voacangine and Bisindole Alkaloid Vobtusine, Vobtusine Lactone from the Indonesian Plant: Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe. Indones J Pharm. 2021;32(4):442-3. doi:10.22146/ijp.1250
18. Geetha S, Thavamany PJ, Chiew SP, Thong OM. Interference from ordinarily used solvents in the outcomes of Artemia salina lethality test. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2013;4(4):179-82. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.121411
19. Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Evaluation of Toxicity with Brine Shrimp Assay. Bio Protoc. 2021;11(2):e3895. doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.3895
20. Svensson BM, Mathiasson L, Mårtensson L, Bergström S. Artemia salina as test organism for assessment of acute toxicity of leachate water from landfills. Environ Monit Assess. 2005;102(1-3):309-21. doi:10.1007/s10661-005-6029-z
21. Srisawat T, Chumkaew P, Heedchim W, Sukpondma Y, Kanowkwiron K. Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity of Crude Extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington Type LS. Trop J Pharm Res. 2013;12(1):71-6. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v12i1.12
22. Mahavorasirikul W, Viyanant V, Chaijaroenkul W, Itharat A, Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants against human cholangiocarcinoma, laryngeal and hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:55. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-55
23. Maqsood M, Qureshi R, Ikram M, Ali S, Rafi M, Khan JA, et al. Preliminary screening of methanolic plant extracts against human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line from salt range, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2015;47(1):353-7.
24. Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Plant Secondary Metabolites as Anticancer Agents: Successes in Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Application. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1):263. doi:10.3390/ijms19010263
25. Lu JJ, Bao JL, Chen XP, Huang M, Wang YT. Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Herbs as the Anticancer Agents. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:485042. doi:10.1155/2012/485042
26. Kowalczyk W, Waliszczak G, Jach R, Dulińska-Litewka J. Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer: Understanding of Molecular Function as a Basis for Effective Therapy Development. Cancers. 2021;13(19):4779. doi:10.3390/cancers13194779
27. Pommier Y. Topoisomerase I inhibitors: Camptothecins and Beyond. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(10):789-802. doi:10.1038/nrc1977
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2. Łukasiewicz S, Czeczelewski M, Forma A, Baj J, Sitarz R, Stanisławek A. Breast Cancer-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies-An Updated Review. Cancers. 2021;13(17):4287. doi:10.3390/cancers13174287
3. Alim NE, Kiziltan G. Assessment of Risk Factors of Obesity and Diet on Breast Cancer in Ankara, Turkey. Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32(6):1537-42. doi:10.12669/pjms.326.11346
4. Debela DT, Muzazu SG, Heraro KD, Ndalama MT, Mesele BW, Haile DC, et al. New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:20503121211034366. doi:10.1177/20503121211034366
5. Schirrmacher V. From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review). Int J Oncol. 2019;54(2):407-19. doi:10.3892/ijo.2018.4661
6. van den Boogaard WMC, Komninos DSJ, Vermeij WP. Chemotherapy Side-Effects: Not All DNA Damage Is Equal. Cancers. 2022;14(3):627. doi:10.3390/cancers14030627
7. Tohme S, Simmons RL, Tsung A. Surgery for Cancer: A Trigger for Metastases. Cancer Res. 2017;77(7):1548-52. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1536
8. Greenwell M, Rahman PKSM. Medicinal Plants: Their Use in Anticancer Treatment. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(10):4103-4112. doi:10.13040/ijpsr.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12
9. Zappavigna S, Cossu AM, Grimaldi A, Bocchetti M, Ferraro GA, Nicoletti GF, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2605. doi:10.3390/ijms21072605
10. Susanty A, Mora E, Emrizal, Fernando A, Sabari IB, Mukrianur, et al. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Test of Tampa Badak (Voacanga foetida (Blume) Leaves on L1210 Leukemia. J Sains Farmasi Klinis. 2021;8(3):323-31. doi:10.25077/jsfk.8.3.323-331.2021
11. Susanty A, Dachriyanus, Yanwirasti, Wahyuni FS, Sekar AP, Alimin N. The Anti-proliferation Effect of an Isolated Butanol Fraction of Tampa Badak (Voacanga foetida (Bl.) K. Schum) Leaves on Leukemia, Lung, and Cervical Cancer. Pharm Sci Res. 2020;7(3):171–7. doi:10.7454/psr.v7i3.1196
12. Susanty A, Emrizal, Susanti E, Saragih ABR, Muchtar H, Dachriyanus. In Vivo Cytotoxic Activity and Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract from Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe Leaves. In Zaini E, Ismed F, Agustin R, Syafni N, Fitriani L, Yosmar R, editors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Science and Clinical Pharmacy 2021 (ICCSCP 2021). Amsterdam: Atlantis Press; 2021. p. 14-20. doi:10.2991/ahsr.k.211105.003
13. Susanty A, Dachriyanus D, Yanwirasti Y, Wahyuni FS, Fadhli H, Aswan PA. Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Tampa Badak (Voacanga foetida (Bl.) K. Schum) pada Kanker Kolon HTB-38. J Sains Farmasi Klinis. 2018;5(2):142-6. doi:10.25077/jsfk.5.2.142-146.2018
14. Susanty A, Wahyuni FS, Amelia P, Miyama S, Hirasawa Y, Kaneda T, et al. Vobtusine from Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe Induces Apoptosis via Activation of Caspase Pathway in Human HL-60 Leukemia Cell. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol. 2020;10(6): 2536-41. doi:10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.12353
15. Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putman JE, Jacbsen LB, Nicols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General BioAssay for Active Plant Constituents. Plant Med. 1982;45(5):31-4. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971236
16. Ikhtiarudin I, Lelani, Zamri A, Teruna HY, Yuharmen. Sintesis dan Uji Toksisitas Senyawa Analog Kalkon Turunan 2’-Hidroksiasetofenon dan Halobenzaldehid. Photon J Sain Kesehatan. 2014;5(1):57-63. doi:10.37859/jp.v5i1.194
17. Susanty A, Dachriyanus D, Yanwirasti Y, Wahyuni FS, Amelia P, Frengki F, et al. Cytotoxic Activity, and Molecular Docking of Indole Alkaloid Voacangine and Bisindole Alkaloid Vobtusine, Vobtusine Lactone from the Indonesian Plant: Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe. Indones J Pharm. 2021;32(4):442-3. doi:10.22146/ijp.1250
18. Geetha S, Thavamany PJ, Chiew SP, Thong OM. Interference from ordinarily used solvents in the outcomes of Artemia salina lethality test. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2013;4(4):179-82. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.121411
19. Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Evaluation of Toxicity with Brine Shrimp Assay. Bio Protoc. 2021;11(2):e3895. doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.3895
20. Svensson BM, Mathiasson L, Mårtensson L, Bergström S. Artemia salina as test organism for assessment of acute toxicity of leachate water from landfills. Environ Monit Assess. 2005;102(1-3):309-21. doi:10.1007/s10661-005-6029-z
21. Srisawat T, Chumkaew P, Heedchim W, Sukpondma Y, Kanowkwiron K. Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity of Crude Extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington Type LS. Trop J Pharm Res. 2013;12(1):71-6. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v12i1.12
22. Mahavorasirikul W, Viyanant V, Chaijaroenkul W, Itharat A, Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants against human cholangiocarcinoma, laryngeal and hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:55. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-55
23. Maqsood M, Qureshi R, Ikram M, Ali S, Rafi M, Khan JA, et al. Preliminary screening of methanolic plant extracts against human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line from salt range, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2015;47(1):353-7.
24. Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Plant Secondary Metabolites as Anticancer Agents: Successes in Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Application. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1):263. doi:10.3390/ijms19010263
25. Lu JJ, Bao JL, Chen XP, Huang M, Wang YT. Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Herbs as the Anticancer Agents. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:485042. doi:10.1155/2012/485042
26. Kowalczyk W, Waliszczak G, Jach R, Dulińska-Litewka J. Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer: Understanding of Molecular Function as a Basis for Effective Therapy Development. Cancers. 2021;13(19):4779. doi:10.3390/cancers13194779
27. Pommier Y. Topoisomerase I inhibitors: Camptothecins and Beyond. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(10):789-802. doi:10.1038/nrc1977
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Susanty A, Febrina M, Putri DS, Ikhtiarudin I, Wahyuni FS, Dachriyanus D. Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe Leaves Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2023Feb.28 [cited 2025Mar.17];6(1):8-14. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/3499
Copyright (c) 2023 Adriani Susanty, Mira Febrina, Dian Sanita Putri, Ihsan Ikhtiarudin, Fatma Sri Wahyuni, Dachriyanus Dachriyanus
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