Antidiarrheal Potential of Maja (Crescentia cujete) Fruit Extract in Mice
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Submitted
10 February 2023
Published
30 November 2024
Keywords:
-
Attapulgite, Antidiarrheal, Crescentia cujete, Loperamide
Abstract
Diarrhea, characterized by frequent, loose stools, can be treated with various approaches. This study investigated the antidiarrheal properties of maja (Cresentia cujete) fruit extract, which contains secondary metabolites like tannins and flavonoids with astringent properties. The objective was to determine the optimal dose of C. cujete fruit extract for treating diarrhea in mice. An in vivo experimental design was employed, inducing diarrhea in male mice using oleum ricini. The study assessed stools' onset, duration, consistency, frequency, and weight. Cresentia cujete fruit extract was administered orally at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW doses. A comparison was made with negative control (CMC-NA) and positive controls (loperamide and attapulgite). Data analysis involved ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The findings revealed that 500 mg/kg BW of C. cujete fruit extract was the most effective dose for treating diarrhea in mice. These results suggest the potential of C. cujete fruit extract as a promising natural antidiarrheal agent.
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References
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21. Yim SK, Kim SW, Lee ST. Efficient Stool Collection Methods for Evaluating the Diarrhea Score in Mouse Diarrhea Models. In Vivo. 2021;35(4):2115-25. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12481; PMCID: PMC8286486; PMID: 34182487
22. Damayanti A, Fitriana EA. Pemungutan Minyak Atsiri Mawar (rose oil) dengan Metode Maserasi. J Bahan Alam Terbarukan. 2012;1(2):1-8. DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v1i2.2543
23. Puspitasari AD, Proyogo LS. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Sokletasi terhadap Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura). Cendekia Eksakta. 2017;2(1):1-8. DOI: 10.3194/ce.v2i1.1791
24. Susanty S, Bachmid F. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Refluks terhadap Kadar Fenolik dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.). J Konversi. 2016;5(2):87-92. DOI: 10.24853/konversi.5.2.87-92
25. Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med. 2018;13:20. DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x; PMCID: PMC5905184; PMID: 29692864
26. Ejelonu BC, Oluwafemi AD, Lasisi AA, Olaremu AG, Ejelonu OC. The Chemical Constituents of Calabash (Crescentia cujete). Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(84):19631-6. DOI: 10.5897/ajb11.1518
27. DuPont HL, Ericsson CD, DuPont MW, Luna AC, Mathewson JJ. A randomized, open-label comparison of nonprescription loperamide and attapulgite in the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea. Am J Med. 1990;88(6A):20S-23S. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90271-e; PMID: 2192554
28. Gonzales AL, Sevilla UTA, Tsai PW, Huang SKH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive compounds from Crescentia cujete L. leaves and fruit–A review. Int J Adv Appl Sci. 2022;9(11):64-70. DOI: 10.21833/ijaas.2022.11.007
29. Teodhora, Sholikha M, Ania A, Kusuma IM. Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;32(4):595-601. DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0469; PMID: 34214325
30. Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, et al. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods. 2021;10(2):251. DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251; PMCID: PMC7912241; PMID: 33530516
31. Teodhora T, Manalu RT, Kusuma IM, Azizah S. Maja fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) potential as a laxative in mice. J Kefarmasian Indones. 2023;13(2):95-102. DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6300
2. Jones A, Ahmed SM, Platts-Mills JA, Kotloff KL, Levine AC, Nelson EJ, et al. Etiology of Severely Dehydrating Diarrheal Illness in Infants and Young Children Residing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11(11):ofae619. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae619; PMCID: PMC11530959; PMID: 39494449
3. Riantina A, Windusari Y, Novrikasari, Sunarsih E, Fajar NA. Association Between the Incidence of Diarrheal Diseases and Environmental Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Jambi Med J J Kedokteran Kesehatan. 2024;12(1):24-32. DOI: 10.22437/jmj.v12i1.29418
4. Asedha FR. Distribution of Critical Drought Areas with The Incidence of Diarrhea in East Java 2017. J Berkala Epid. 2019;7(1):60-7. DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V7I12019.60-67
5. Faure C. Role of antidiarrhoeal drugs as adjunctive therapies for acute diarrhoea in children. Int J Pediatr. 2013;2013:612403. DOI: 10.1155/2013/612403; PMCID: PMC3603675; PMID: 23533446
6. Viegelmann GC, Dorji J, Guo X, Lim HY. Approach to diarrhoeal disorders in children. Singapore Med J. 2021;62(12):623-9. DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021234; PMCID: PMC8804427; PMID: 35092299
7. Cahyaningsih R, Brehm JM, Maxted N. Gap analysis of Indonesian priority medicinal plant species as part of their conservation planning. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2021;26:e01459. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01459
8. Atmodjo K. Keragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Berenuk (Cresentia cujete L) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Biota J Ilmiah Ilmu Hayati. 2019;4(3):116-23. DOI: 10.24002/biota.v4i3.2518
9. Siahaan SIA, Elimasni, Jumilawaty E. Application of majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit extract to control armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775) infestation in Chinese mustard crops. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2024;1352:012028. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012028
10. Hartati, Ali A, Idris IS, Karim H, Pagarra H, Rachmawaty. Potential wound healing activity of the different extract of Crescentia cujete in albino rats. AIP Conf Proc. 2018;2030:020175. DOI: 10.1063/1.5066816
11. Mohammed A, Muniandy R, Abdulhafiz F, Al-Amsyar SM, Priya YK, Khalivulla SI. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antidiabetic potential of Labu Kayu (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit extracts. AIP Conf Proc. 2022;2454:020032. DOI: 10.1063/5.0078324
12. Fatimah, Martha RD, Danar, Zummah A, Anggraini IMD, Kusumawati A. Identification of anticancer potential compounds and its in silico prediction of the cytotoxic activity in majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) stem bark. AIP Conf Proc. 2023;2569:070005. DOI: 10.1063/5.0112833
13. Honculada MO, Mabasa MT. Antimicrobial Activit. y of Crescentia Cujete. Asian Sci J. 2016;7(1):80-6.
14. Graves NS. Acute gastroenteritis. Prim Care. 2013;40(3):727-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.05.006; PMCID: PMC7119329; PMID: 23958366
15. Das N, Islam ME, Jahan N, Islam MS, Khan A, Islam MR, et al. Antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts and fractions of Crescentia cujete leaves and stem bark and the involvement of phenolic compounds. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:45. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-45
16. Sari N, Kuswytasari ND, Nurhayati APD. Antibacterial activity test of wet and dried extracts of Calabash tree (Crescentia cujete L.) against Aeromonas hydrophilla. J Biota. 2020;6(1):5-11. DOI: 10.19109/biota.v6i1.3954
17. Teodhora T, Sholikha M, Kusuma IM, Evelyna R. Potensi Terapi Analgesik Buah Crescentia cujete L. melalui Penurunan Refleks Geliat Mus musculus. J Endurance Kajian Ilmiah Problema Kesehatan. 2020;5(2):242-50. DOI: 10.22216/jen.v5i2.5161
18. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3rd Edition. London: Chapman and Hall; 1998.
19. Handayani LT. Kajian Etik Penelitian dalam Bidang Kesehatan dengan Melibatkan Manusia Sebagai Subyek. Indones J Health Sci. 2018;10(1):47-54. DOI: 10.32528/the.v10i1.1454
20. Supranto J. Teknik Sampling: Untuk Survei dan Eksperimen. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2020.
21. Yim SK, Kim SW, Lee ST. Efficient Stool Collection Methods for Evaluating the Diarrhea Score in Mouse Diarrhea Models. In Vivo. 2021;35(4):2115-25. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12481; PMCID: PMC8286486; PMID: 34182487
22. Damayanti A, Fitriana EA. Pemungutan Minyak Atsiri Mawar (rose oil) dengan Metode Maserasi. J Bahan Alam Terbarukan. 2012;1(2):1-8. DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v1i2.2543
23. Puspitasari AD, Proyogo LS. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Sokletasi terhadap Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura). Cendekia Eksakta. 2017;2(1):1-8. DOI: 10.3194/ce.v2i1.1791
24. Susanty S, Bachmid F. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Refluks terhadap Kadar Fenolik dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.). J Konversi. 2016;5(2):87-92. DOI: 10.24853/konversi.5.2.87-92
25. Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med. 2018;13:20. DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x; PMCID: PMC5905184; PMID: 29692864
26. Ejelonu BC, Oluwafemi AD, Lasisi AA, Olaremu AG, Ejelonu OC. The Chemical Constituents of Calabash (Crescentia cujete). Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(84):19631-6. DOI: 10.5897/ajb11.1518
27. DuPont HL, Ericsson CD, DuPont MW, Luna AC, Mathewson JJ. A randomized, open-label comparison of nonprescription loperamide and attapulgite in the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea. Am J Med. 1990;88(6A):20S-23S. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90271-e; PMID: 2192554
28. Gonzales AL, Sevilla UTA, Tsai PW, Huang SKH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive compounds from Crescentia cujete L. leaves and fruit–A review. Int J Adv Appl Sci. 2022;9(11):64-70. DOI: 10.21833/ijaas.2022.11.007
29. Teodhora, Sholikha M, Ania A, Kusuma IM. Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;32(4):595-601. DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0469; PMID: 34214325
30. Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, et al. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods. 2021;10(2):251. DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251; PMCID: PMC7912241; PMID: 33530516
31. Teodhora T, Manalu RT, Kusuma IM, Azizah S. Maja fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) potential as a laxative in mice. J Kefarmasian Indones. 2023;13(2):95-102. DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6300
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1.
Teodhora T, Manalu RT, Saputra RA. Antidiarrheal Potential of Maja (Crescentia cujete) Fruit Extract in Mice. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2024Nov.30 [cited 2024Dec.12];7(4):333-41. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/4712
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