Diuretic Activity of Various Herbs in India: A Mini Review
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Submitted
10 June 2023
10 June 2023
Published
30 November 2023
30 November 2023
Abstract
One of the primary uses of medicinal plants is as a diuretic. Both mono- and polyherbal-based diuretic formulations have been used in various parts of the world, including in India. One estimate states that more than 650 mono- and polyherbal formulations are in clinical use, including decoctions, tinctures, pills, and capsules made from over 75 plants. Many studies have been conducted supporting the diuretic properties of conventional herbal remedies. This article discusses many herbal plants from India that have historically been used as diuretics and identifies the chemical components with diuretic activity. In addition, this brief review also discusses several plant drugs and their pharmacological profile, concentrating on the administered dose and the bioactive extracts involved in the diuresis process. For researchers, searching for the best therapeutic plants for diuretic research may be a significant turning point in using various herbs from India.
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References
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7. Pellicori P, Kaur K, Clark AL. Fluid Management in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2015;1(2):90-5. doi:10.15420/cfr.2015.1.2.90
8. Gupta S, Pepper RJ, Ashman N, Walsh SB. Nephrotic Syndrome: Oedema Formation and Its Treatment with Diuretics. Front Physiol. 2019;9:1868. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01868
9. Bothwell SW, Janigro D, Patabendige A. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2019;16(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0129-6
10. Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol. 2014;4:177. doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00177
11. Kamyab R, Namdar H, Torbati M, Ghojazadeh M, Araj-Khodaei M, Fazljou SMB. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Review. Adv Pharm Bull. 2021;11(4):601-17. doi:10.34172/apb.2021.090
12. Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lopez-Lopez J, Lopez-Lopez C, Rodriguez-Alvarez MI. The goal of blood pressure in the hypertensive patient with diabetes is defined: now the challenge is go from recommendations to practice. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):31. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-31
13. Mahalik G, Jali P, Sahoo S, Satapathy KB. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Mangifera indica L: A revew. Int J Botany Stud. 2020;5(2):1-5.
14. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera Indica (Mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(7):42-8. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.65325
15. Devi MSS. Acute toxicity and diuretic activity of Mangifera indica Linn bark extracts. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2011;2(3):141-6.
16. Adera F, Yusuf Z, Desta M. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Seed and Leaf Oil Extracts. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022;2022:2947836. doi:10.1155/2022/2947836
17. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Lepidium Sativum-A Review. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2019;11(6):1-10. doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36338
18. Vazifeh S, Kananpour P, Khalilpour M, Eisalou SV, Hamblin MR. Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Lepidium sativum. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:3645038. doi:10.1155/2022/3645038
19. Patel U, Kulkarni M, Undale V, Bhosale A. Evaluation of Diuretic Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Lepidium sativum Garden Cress (Cruciferae) in Rats. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009;8(3):215-9. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v8i3.44536
20. Mali PY, Panchal SS. A review on phyto-pharmacological potentials of Euphorbia thymifolia L. Anc Sci Life. 2013;32(3):165-72. doi:10.4103/0257-7941.123001
21. Parmar GR, Pundarikakshudu K. Comparative Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Standardization of Euphorbia hirta L. and Euphorbia thymifolia L. Am J PharmTech Res. 2017;7(1):531-44.
22. Bekoe EO, Kitcher C, Gyima NAM, Schwinger G, Frempong M. Medicinal Plants Used as Galactagogues. In: Perveen S, Al-Taweel, editors. Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants. London (UK): IntechOpen; 2019. doi:10.5772/intechopen.82199
23. Batiha GES, Beshbishy AM, Wasef LG, Elewa YHA, Al-Sagan AA, El-Hack MEA, et al. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):872. doi:10.3390/nu12030872
24. Tesfaye A. Revealing the Therapeutic Uses of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Its Potential for Drug Discovery. ScientificWorldJournal. 2021;2021:8817288. doi:10.1155/2021/8817288
25. Ginter E, Simko V. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and cardiovascular diseases. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2010;111(8):452-6.
26. Pantoja CV, Martin NT, Norris BC, Contreras CM. Purification and bioassays of a diuretic and natriuretic fraction from garlic (Allium sativum). J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;70(1):35-40. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00145-2
27. Ojulari OV, Lee SG, Nam JO. Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Obesity. Molecules. 2019;24(1):210. doi:10.3390/molecules24010210
28. Jalalyazdi M, Ramezani J, Izadi-Moud A, Madani-Sani F, Shahlaei S, Ghiasi SS. Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019;10(3):107-11. doi:10.4103/japtr.japtr_402_18
29. Jamrozik D, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska I. Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review. Foods. 2022;11(14):2134. doi:10.3390/foods11142134
30. Montalvo-González E, Villagrán Z, González-Torres S, Iñiguez-Muñoz LE, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, et al. Physiological Effects and Human Health Benefits of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A Review of Clinical Trials. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15(4):464. doi:10.3390/ph15040464
31. Jiménez-Ferrer E, Alarcón-Alonso J, Aguilar-Rojas A, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer AC, Tortoriello J, et al. Diuretic effect of compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa by modulation of the aldosterone activity. Planta Med. 2012;78(18):1893-8. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1327864
32. Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Ahmed T, Sureda A, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, et al. Polyphenolic Composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.: From Chemistry to Medical Applications. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):7708-28. doi:10.3390/nu7095361
33. Rababa'h AM, Al Yacoub ON, El-Elimat T, Rabab'ah M, Altarabsheh S, Deo S, et al. The effect of hawthorn flower and leaf extract (Crataegus Spp.) on cardiac hemostasis and oxidative parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04617. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04617
34. Kumar D, Arya V, Bhat ZA, Khan NA, Prasad DN. The genus Crataegus: chemical and pharmacological perspectives. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2012;22(5):1187-200. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000094
35. Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, Papini A, Castiglione S, Guarino F, et al. Botanical, Phytochemical, Anti-Microbial and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), Rosaceae. Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266
36. Rizwan K, Majeed I, Bilal M, Rasheed T, Shakeel A, Iqbal S. Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review. Biomolecules. 2022;12(1):83. doi:10.3390/biom12010083
37. Ahmad H, Sehgal S, Mishra A, Gupta R. Mimosa pudica L. (Laajvanti): An overview. Pharmacogn Rev. 2012;6(12):115-24. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.99945
38. Sangma TK, Meitei UD, Selvatici R, Khumbongmayum S. Diuretic property of aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn. on experimental albino rats. J Nat Prod. 2010;3:172-8.
39. Mutungi MM, Muema FW, Kimutai F, Xu YB, Zhang H, Chen GL, et al. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potentials of Ficus glumosa and Its Bioactive Polyphenol Metabolites. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(3):266. doi:10.3390/ph14030266
40. Awolola GV, Sofidiya MO, Baijnath H, Noren SS, Koorbanally NA. The phytochemistry and gastroprotective activities of the leaves of Ficus glumosa. South Afr J Bot. 2019;126:190-5. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.015
41. Ntchapda F, Abakar D, Kom B, Nana P, Bonabe C, Kakesse M, et al. Diuretic activity of the aqueous extract leaves of Ficus glumosa Del. (Moraceae) in rats. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:693803. doi:10.1155/2014/693803
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2. Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AKS. Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:376327. doi:10.1155/2013/376327
3. Ahmed HM. Ethnopharmacobotanical study on the medicinal plants used by herbalists in Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan, Iraq. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2016;12:8. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0081-3
4. Bell R, Mandalia R. Diuretics and the kidney. BJA Educ. 2022;22(6):216-23. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2022.02.003
5. Hoorn EJ, Ellison DH. Diuretic Resistance. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(1):136-42. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.027
6. Lamiere N. Renal Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance in Congestive Heart Failure. Kidney Dial. 2023;3(1):56-72. doi:10.3390/kidneydial3010005
7. Pellicori P, Kaur K, Clark AL. Fluid Management in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2015;1(2):90-5. doi:10.15420/cfr.2015.1.2.90
8. Gupta S, Pepper RJ, Ashman N, Walsh SB. Nephrotic Syndrome: Oedema Formation and Its Treatment with Diuretics. Front Physiol. 2019;9:1868. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01868
9. Bothwell SW, Janigro D, Patabendige A. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2019;16(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0129-6
10. Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol. 2014;4:177. doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00177
11. Kamyab R, Namdar H, Torbati M, Ghojazadeh M, Araj-Khodaei M, Fazljou SMB. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Review. Adv Pharm Bull. 2021;11(4):601-17. doi:10.34172/apb.2021.090
12. Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lopez-Lopez J, Lopez-Lopez C, Rodriguez-Alvarez MI. The goal of blood pressure in the hypertensive patient with diabetes is defined: now the challenge is go from recommendations to practice. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):31. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-31
13. Mahalik G, Jali P, Sahoo S, Satapathy KB. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Mangifera indica L: A revew. Int J Botany Stud. 2020;5(2):1-5.
14. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera Indica (Mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(7):42-8. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.65325
15. Devi MSS. Acute toxicity and diuretic activity of Mangifera indica Linn bark extracts. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2011;2(3):141-6.
16. Adera F, Yusuf Z, Desta M. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Seed and Leaf Oil Extracts. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022;2022:2947836. doi:10.1155/2022/2947836
17. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Lepidium Sativum-A Review. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2019;11(6):1-10. doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36338
18. Vazifeh S, Kananpour P, Khalilpour M, Eisalou SV, Hamblin MR. Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Lepidium sativum. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:3645038. doi:10.1155/2022/3645038
19. Patel U, Kulkarni M, Undale V, Bhosale A. Evaluation of Diuretic Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Lepidium sativum Garden Cress (Cruciferae) in Rats. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009;8(3):215-9. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v8i3.44536
20. Mali PY, Panchal SS. A review on phyto-pharmacological potentials of Euphorbia thymifolia L. Anc Sci Life. 2013;32(3):165-72. doi:10.4103/0257-7941.123001
21. Parmar GR, Pundarikakshudu K. Comparative Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Standardization of Euphorbia hirta L. and Euphorbia thymifolia L. Am J PharmTech Res. 2017;7(1):531-44.
22. Bekoe EO, Kitcher C, Gyima NAM, Schwinger G, Frempong M. Medicinal Plants Used as Galactagogues. In: Perveen S, Al-Taweel, editors. Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants. London (UK): IntechOpen; 2019. doi:10.5772/intechopen.82199
23. Batiha GES, Beshbishy AM, Wasef LG, Elewa YHA, Al-Sagan AA, El-Hack MEA, et al. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):872. doi:10.3390/nu12030872
24. Tesfaye A. Revealing the Therapeutic Uses of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Its Potential for Drug Discovery. ScientificWorldJournal. 2021;2021:8817288. doi:10.1155/2021/8817288
25. Ginter E, Simko V. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and cardiovascular diseases. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2010;111(8):452-6.
26. Pantoja CV, Martin NT, Norris BC, Contreras CM. Purification and bioassays of a diuretic and natriuretic fraction from garlic (Allium sativum). J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;70(1):35-40. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00145-2
27. Ojulari OV, Lee SG, Nam JO. Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Obesity. Molecules. 2019;24(1):210. doi:10.3390/molecules24010210
28. Jalalyazdi M, Ramezani J, Izadi-Moud A, Madani-Sani F, Shahlaei S, Ghiasi SS. Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019;10(3):107-11. doi:10.4103/japtr.japtr_402_18
29. Jamrozik D, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska I. Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review. Foods. 2022;11(14):2134. doi:10.3390/foods11142134
30. Montalvo-González E, Villagrán Z, González-Torres S, Iñiguez-Muñoz LE, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, et al. Physiological Effects and Human Health Benefits of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A Review of Clinical Trials. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15(4):464. doi:10.3390/ph15040464
31. Jiménez-Ferrer E, Alarcón-Alonso J, Aguilar-Rojas A, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer AC, Tortoriello J, et al. Diuretic effect of compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa by modulation of the aldosterone activity. Planta Med. 2012;78(18):1893-8. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1327864
32. Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Ahmed T, Sureda A, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, et al. Polyphenolic Composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.: From Chemistry to Medical Applications. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):7708-28. doi:10.3390/nu7095361
33. Rababa'h AM, Al Yacoub ON, El-Elimat T, Rabab'ah M, Altarabsheh S, Deo S, et al. The effect of hawthorn flower and leaf extract (Crataegus Spp.) on cardiac hemostasis and oxidative parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04617. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04617
34. Kumar D, Arya V, Bhat ZA, Khan NA, Prasad DN. The genus Crataegus: chemical and pharmacological perspectives. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2012;22(5):1187-200. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000094
35. Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, Papini A, Castiglione S, Guarino F, et al. Botanical, Phytochemical, Anti-Microbial and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), Rosaceae. Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266
36. Rizwan K, Majeed I, Bilal M, Rasheed T, Shakeel A, Iqbal S. Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review. Biomolecules. 2022;12(1):83. doi:10.3390/biom12010083
37. Ahmad H, Sehgal S, Mishra A, Gupta R. Mimosa pudica L. (Laajvanti): An overview. Pharmacogn Rev. 2012;6(12):115-24. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.99945
38. Sangma TK, Meitei UD, Selvatici R, Khumbongmayum S. Diuretic property of aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn. on experimental albino rats. J Nat Prod. 2010;3:172-8.
39. Mutungi MM, Muema FW, Kimutai F, Xu YB, Zhang H, Chen GL, et al. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potentials of Ficus glumosa and Its Bioactive Polyphenol Metabolites. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(3):266. doi:10.3390/ph14030266
40. Awolola GV, Sofidiya MO, Baijnath H, Noren SS, Koorbanally NA. The phytochemistry and gastroprotective activities of the leaves of Ficus glumosa. South Afr J Bot. 2019;126:190-5. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.015
41. Ntchapda F, Abakar D, Kom B, Nana P, Bonabe C, Kakesse M, et al. Diuretic activity of the aqueous extract leaves of Ficus glumosa Del. (Moraceae) in rats. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:693803. doi:10.1155/2014/693803
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1.
Shaikh SY, Shaikh AT, Shaikh MA. Diuretic Activity of Various Herbs in India: A Mini Review. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2023Nov.30 [cited 2025Apr.16];6(4):349-5. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/5217
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