Piper cubeba L. f. Nanoemulsion: Formulation and Effect on Antioxidant Activity in Rat's Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Lusi Putri Dwita (1) , Maria Immaculata Iwo (2) , Rachmat Mauludin (3) , Elfahmi Elfahmi (4)
(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka , Indonesia
(2) Bandung Institute of Technology , Indonesia
(3) Bandung Institute of Technology , Indonesia
(4) Bandung Institute of Technology , Indonesia

Abstract

The previous study showed that Piper cubeba extract increased brain antioxidant capacity, alleviating cognitive impairment in rats. However, brain-targeted drug delivery is often limited by the blood-brain barrier. One of the approaches to overcome this obstacle is nanocarrier. This study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion (NE) of P. cubeba extract and determine the antioxidant activity in the brain. The research begins with the determination of excipients and the formula of NE. The formula was then tested for globule size, polydispersity index, thermodynamic stability, zeta potential, pH, and viscosity. The globule's shape was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antioxidant activity was tested by catalase and lipid peroxidase activity in the brain after giving NE orally for seven days. Formulations of NE resulted in nano-size globules and were stable thermodynamically. The NE formula significantly increased catalase and inhibited lipid peroxidase activities in the Rat's hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This study resulted in a stable formula and low-cost production of P. cubeba extract NE, which is active as the brain's antioxidant and is feasible to develop as a neuroprotective agent for various neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors

Lusi Putri Dwita
lusi_putridwita@uhamka.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Author Biographies

Lusi Putri Dwita, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka

Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka, South Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Maria Immaculata Iwo, Bandung Institute of Technology

School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Rachmat Mauludin, Bandung Institute of Technology

School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Elfahmi Elfahmi, Bandung Institute of Technology

School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

1.
Dwita LP, Iwo MI, Mauludin R, Elfahmi E. Piper cubeba L. f. Nanoemulsion: Formulation and Effect on Antioxidant Activity in Rat’s Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2025May30 [cited 2025Aug.5];8(2):149-57. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/8720

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