Tinjauan Literatur Tentang Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Obesitas pada Remaja Literature Review on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obesity in Adolescents
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Obesitas pada remaja merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang terus meningkat dalam lima tahun terakhir. (World Health Organization, 2025) melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 2022 terdapat lebih dari 390 juta anak dan remaja usia 5–19 tahun yang mengalami kelebihan berat badan, termasuk sekitar 160 juta yang obesitas. Melihat tren peningkatan prevalensi obesitas serta kompleksitas faktor penyebabnya, diperlukan kajian literatur yang komprehensif untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prevalensi serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi obesitas pada remaja berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam lima tahun terakhir (2020–2025). Metodelogi: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan literatur review sistematis, yaitu meninjau dan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil: terdapat 5 faktor dominan yang berulang dan saling berkaitan, pola makan tinggi kalori dan rendah serat, aktivitas fisik rendah dan gaya hidup sedentari, faktor sosial ekonomi dan pengaruh keluarga, durasi tidur yang tidak memadai, faktor psikologis seperti stres.
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