In Vitro Determination of Sun Protection Factor of Water Extract of Aerodramus fuciphagus from Central Kalimantan
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Submitted
23 October 2020
Published
30 May 2021
Keywords:
-
Sunscreen, Edible-nest swiftlet's Nest, Erythema transmission, Sun Protection Factor, Pigmentation transmission, Aerodramus fuciphagus
Abstract
Sunscreen is a cosmetic substance that has the ability to reflect or absorb sunlight actively. It can prevent skin irritation due to UV rays. One of the natural ingredients with a sunscreen effect is the Edible-nest swiftlet's (Aerodramus fuciphagus) nest (ESN). This study aimed to determine the value of the sun protective factor (SPF) of the ESN water extract. The ESN water extract solution with variation concentration, this is 2000, 2500, 5000, 6000, and 7000 ppm, were measured by spectrophotometric UV-Vis at wavelength 290-375 nm with 5 nm intervals to determine the value of SPF, percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (%Tp) of ESN water extract. The result showed that the ESN water extract's SPF values at the concentration 2000, 2500, 5000, 6000, and 7000 ppm were 7.80; 9.68; 18.75; 20.58; and 22.24. The value of %Te of each concentration were 15.60±0.19; 10.03±0.42; 1.24±0.04; 0.81±0.01 and 0.56±0.01. While the value of %Tp of each concentration was showed the sunblock category. In conclusion, the ESN water extract from Central Kalimantan at the concentration of 6000 ppm has potential in ultraviolet protection against the skin in the ultra category with sunblock category mechanism. Further, it can be developed into sunscreen cosmetics from natural ingredients.
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References
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23. Donglikar MM, Deore SL. Sunscreens: A review. Pharmacogn J. 2016;8(3):171-9. doi:10.5530/pj.2016.3.1
24. Sandi DAD, Susiani EF. Formulation of edible bird’s nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from Central Kalimantan as skin whitening and moisturizing cream. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(1):39-45. doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_276_19
25. Kaur CD, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacognosy Res. 2010;2(1):22-5. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.60586
26. Sinala S, Salasa AM. Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Dari Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Secara In Vitro Untuk Penggunaan Sebagai Tabir Surya Pada Wanita. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar. 2019;14(1):81-5. doi:10.32382/medkes.v14i1.707
27. Healy ZR, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Wehage SL, Thompson RE, Fahey JW, Talalay P. Precise determination of the erythema response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation and quantification of effects of protectors. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25(1):45-50. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00404.x
2. Latha MS, Martis J, Shobha V, Shinde RS, Bangera S, Krishnankutty B, et al. Sunscreening Agents: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013;6(1):16-26.
3. Wilson BD, Moon S, Armstrong F. Comprehensive Review of Ultraviolet Radiation and the Current Status on Sunscreens. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(9):18-23.
4. Sabzevari N, Qiblawi S, Norton SA, Fivenson D. Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 1: Changing regulations and choices for optimal sun protection. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2021;7(1):28-44. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.05.017
5. Rai R, Shanmuga SC, Srinivas CR. Update on Photoprotection. Indian J Dermatol. 2012;57(5):335-42. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.100472
6. Hamzah Z, Ibrahim NH, Sarojini J, Hussin K, Hashim O, Lee BB. Nutritional Properties of Edible Bird Nest. J Asian Sci Res. 2013;3(6):600-7.
7. Alfianto E, Kowa KD. Rancang Bangun Rumah Budidaya Burung Walet dengan Sistem Pengendalian Suhu Otomatis Sederhana Menggunakan Arduino UNO. e-NARODROID. 2016;2(1):117-22. doi:10.31090/narodroid.v2i1.206
8. Albishtue AA, Yimer N, Zakaria MZA, Haron AW, Babji AS, Abubakar AA, et al. The role of edible bird’s nest and mechanism of averting lead acetate toxicity effect on rat uterus. Vet World. 2019;12(7):1013-21. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2019.1013-1021
9. Sandi DAD, Rahmatullah SW. Pengujian Efek Tonikum Sarang Burung Walet Putih (Aerodramus fuchipagus) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan Dengan Metode Ketahanan Lama Waktu Berenang. Jurnal Pharmascience. 2016;3(2):29-35. doi:10.20527/jps.v3i2.5735
10. Sandi DAD, Rahmatullah SW. Stimulant Effect of Edible Bird’s Nest (Aerodramus fuchipagus) from Borneo on White Mice. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2018;9(3):927-30.
11. Sandi DAD, Musfirah Y. Wound Healing Effects of Edible Bird’s Nests Oinment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) in Alloxan-Induced Male Rats. Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2019;24(1):33-9. doi:10.22146/mot.39072
12. Geoffrey K, Mwangi AN, Maru SM. Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations. Saudi Pharm J. 2019;27(7):1009-18. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003
13. Kostyuk V, Potapovich A, Albuhaydar AR, Mayer W, De Luca C, Korkina L. Natural Substances for Prevention of Skin Photoaging: Screening Systems in the Development of Sunscreen and Rejuvenation Cosmetics. Rejuvenation Res. 2018;21(2):91-101. doi:10.1089/rej.2017.1931
14. Murugan DD, Zain ZM, Choy KW, Zamakshshari NH, Choong MJ, Lim YM, et al. Edible Bird’s Nest Protects Against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1624. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01624
15. Younus H. Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase. Int J Health Sci. 2018;12(3):88-93.
16. D’Orazio J, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, Scott T. UV Radiation and the Skin. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(6):12222-48. doi:10.3390/ijms140612222
17. Roh KB, Lee J, Kim YS, Park J, Kim JH, Lee J, et al. Mechanisms of Edible Bird's Nest Extract-Induced Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:797520. doi:10.1155/2012/797520
18. Esfandi R, Walters ME, Tsopmo A. Antioxidant properties and potential mechanisms of hydrolyzed proteins and peptides from cereals. Heliyon. 2019;5(4):e01538. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01538
19. Nunes AR, Vieira IGP, Queiroz DB, Leal ALAB, Morais SM, Muniz DF, et al. Use of Flavonoids and Cinnamates, the Main Photoprotectors with Natural Origin. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2018;2018:5341487. doi:10.1155/2018/5341487
20. Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J. 2016;15:71. doi:10.1186/s12937-016-0186-5
21. Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015;30(1):11-26. doi:10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0
22. Paul SP. Ensuring the Safety of Sunscreens, and Their Efficacy in Preventing Skin Cancers: Challenges and Controversies for Clinicians, Formulators, and Regulators. Front Med. 2019;6:195. doi:10.3389/fmed.2019.00195
23. Donglikar MM, Deore SL. Sunscreens: A review. Pharmacogn J. 2016;8(3):171-9. doi:10.5530/pj.2016.3.1
24. Sandi DAD, Susiani EF. Formulation of edible bird’s nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from Central Kalimantan as skin whitening and moisturizing cream. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(1):39-45. doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_276_19
25. Kaur CD, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacognosy Res. 2010;2(1):22-5. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.60586
26. Sinala S, Salasa AM. Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Dari Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Secara In Vitro Untuk Penggunaan Sebagai Tabir Surya Pada Wanita. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar. 2019;14(1):81-5. doi:10.32382/medkes.v14i1.707
27. Healy ZR, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Wehage SL, Thompson RE, Fahey JW, Talalay P. Precise determination of the erythema response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation and quantification of effects of protectors. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25(1):45-50. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00404.x
Authors
1.
Sandi DAD, Susiani EF, Adnyana IK, Wikaningtyas P. In Vitro Determination of Sun Protection Factor of Water Extract of Aerodramus fuciphagus from Central Kalimantan. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2021May30 [cited 2024Nov.21];4(2):78-83. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/1782
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