Hubungan Antara Kadar Procalcitonin dengan Jumlah Leukosit pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Pasca Terapi Bekam Basah The Correlation between Procalcitonin Levels And Leukocyte Counts In Patients with Diabetes Mellitus After Wet Cupping Therapy
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Abstract
Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolik kompleks yang ditandai hiperglikemia dan melibatkan disfungsi multiorgan, termasuk sel β pankreas, jaringan adiposa, otot rangka, dan hati. Penderita diabetes melitus diketahui memiliki risiko infeksi yang lebih tinggi daripada pasien non-diabetes akibat gangguan sistem imun dan kondisi inflamasi kronis. Procalcitonin merupakan biomerker yang meningkat pada infeksi bakteri/sepsis dan digunakan sebagai indikator inflamasi sistemik, sementara leukosit mencerminkan respon imun seluler terhadap proses inflamasi dan infeksi. Kedua parameter ini dapat memberikan gambaran kondisi inflamasi pada penderita DM. Selain itu terapi komplementer seperti bekam basah telah digunakan lama dan diyakini memiliki efek terhadap perbaikan sirkulasi darah dan respon imun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar procalcitonin dengan jumlah leukosit pada penderita diabetes melitus pasca terapi bekam basah. Penelitian ini berjenis quasi-experimental dengan rancangan one group posttest only design yang melibatkan 22 orang penderita DM tipe 2 yang menjalani terapi bekam basah. Data kadar procalcitonin dan jumlah leukosit dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman’s rho menunjukkan nilai p = 0.635 dan nilai r = 0.107. Tidak terdapat hubungan kadar procalcitonin dengan jumlah leukosit pada pasien DM tipe 2 pasca terapi bekam basah.
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References
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Abel, E.D. et al. (2024) ‘Diabetes mellitus—Progress and opportunities in the evolving epidemic’, Cell, 187(15), pp. 3789–3820. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.029.
Aglarci, A.V. and Karakurt, F. (2025) ‘Symptoms affecting the development of diabetes : analysis of risk factors with data mining’, BMC (Medical Informatics and Decision Making), 5, pp. 1–16.
Alizadeh, M. et al. (2022) ‘The Effect of Wet Cupping (Al-hijamah) and Limonene on Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats’, Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 17(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-122231.
Almaiman, A.A. (2018) ‘Proteomic effects of wet cupping (Al-hijamah)’, Saudi Medical Journal, 39(1), pp. 10–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.1.21212.
Aryani, D., Rahma Dhianti, M. and Syafaat, M. (2022) ‘Hubungan Kadar Procalcitonin Dan Jumlah Leukosit Pada Pasien Covid-19 Di RSUD Pasar Rebo’, JMH Jurnal Medika Hutama, 03(04), pp. 3014–3021.
Asrori, D.I. et al. (2025) ‘Pengaruh terapi bekam basah terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes mellitus’, Jurnal Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, pp. 1–9.
Budiman, R.A. et al. (2024) ‘Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Ulkus Diabetik di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Makassar Tahun 2020-2022’, Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8(1), pp. 10970–10975.
Chang, J. et al. (2025) ‘Standards and Practice Guidelines for Venous Blood Collection : Consensus Recommendations from the Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine’, AnnLabMed, pp. 343–357.
Dinas Kesehatan Banyumas (2022) Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2022. Banyumas.
Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Tengah (2023) Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah 2023. Semarang. Available at: https://dinkesjatengprov.go.id/v2018/dokumen/1Profil_Kesehatan_2023/files/downloads/Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah 2023.pdf (Accessed: 21 January 2026).
Fukunaga, S. et al. (2021) ‘A remarkable elevation in the procalcitonin levels due to diabetic ketoacidosis in a hemodialysis patient’, Internal Medicine, 60(8), pp. 1231–1235. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.5841-20.
Hidayatillah, S.A., Nugroho, H. and Adi, S. (2019) ‘Hubungan Status Merokok dengan Kejadian Ulkus Diabetikum pada Laki-Laki Penderita Diabetes Melitus’, JEKK (Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas), 5(1), pp. 32–37.
IDF (2025) International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Available at: https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/ (Accessed: 2 November 2025).
Jayanti, K.D. and Fitriyani, N. (2022) ‘Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Semen Tahun 2021 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Characteristic at Semen Health Center in 2021’, Jenggala: Jurnal Riset Pengembangan dan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 1(1).
Kemenkes (2022) Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tentang Nilai Rujukan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium. Jakarta.
Kemenkes RI (2024) Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.
Landau, M.B. et al. (2024) ‘Reviving ancient therapeutics in modern medicine: an immunological and biological narrative review of wet cupping in the management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis’, Gland Surgery, 13(7), pp. 1291–1304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037/gs-24-173.
PDI (2024) Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia. Available at: https://pbpersadiaofficial.org/ (Accessed: 3 November 2025).
Prasetya, H.R., Muhajir, N.F. and Dumatubun, M.P.I. (2021) ‘Penggunaan Six Sigma pada Pemeriksaan Jumlah Leukosit di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul’, Journal of Indonesian Medical Laboratory and Science, 2(2), pp. 165–174.
Pu, Y. et al. (2025) ‘Analysis of pathogen distribution and serum procalcitonin level alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by urinary tract infections’, Frontiers in Endocrinology, (May), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1609966.
Purwanto, D.S. et al. (2024) ‘Evaluation of Procalcitonin in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Minahasa , North Sulawesi , Indonesia’, International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 9(4), pp. 65–70.
Sapada, I.E. (2018) ‘Pengaruh Al-Hijamah Terhadap Perubahan Kadar Leukosit’, Jurnal Kesehatan : Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 8(01), pp. 24–29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52395/jkjims.v8i01.314.
Situmorang, P.R., Waruwu, N.A. and Napitupulu, D.S. (2023) ‘Analisis C-Reaktif Protein dan Jumlah Leukosit Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan’, MAHESA: Malahayati Health Student Journal, 3(8), pp. 2355–2365.
Wang, W. et al. (2025) ‘Procalcitonin and Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infections: A Meta-Analysis’, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 8(4), pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70066.
Wang, X., Sun, Y. and Shao, X. (2019) ‘Predictive value of procalcitonin for infection of patients with type‑2 diabetes mellitus’, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, pp. 722–728. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7611.