Antibacterial Activity and TLC-Densitometric Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Leaves of the Traditional Herb, Melastoma malabathricum L.
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Submitted
4 August 2022
Published
30 November 2022
Keywords:
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Antibacterial activity, Biodiversity, Melastoma malabathricum L., TLC-densitometric, Traditional herbs
Abstract
Indonesia is rich in the biodiversity of medicinal plants used traditionally for healing several ailments. Melastoma malabathricum L. is one of the traditional herbs used to treat many diseases. A TLC-densitometric method was developed for determining secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and their related compounds, M. malabathricum leaves from Riau, Indonesia. This study investigated the secondary metabolites of M. malabathricum extract by spraying reagent: FeCl3, p-anisaldehyde, and cerium (IV) sulfate and followed by antibacterial assay through broth macro dilution method. Densitometric qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds and their related compounds was employed to examine peaks of the M. malabathricum extract through winCATS software. After spraying with particular reagents, the three extracts showed various spots/bands with several colors and exhibited peaks in TLC densitogram profiles. Three extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The result showed that ethyl acetate extract revealed excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with MIC values of 3.125±0.6 mg/mL and 6.25±0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Owing to the presence of a wide variety of secondary metabolites, the leaf extract of M. malabathricum is expected to exhibit and help develop as a therapeutic agent.
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References
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27. Roy A, Khan A, Ahmad I, Alghamdi S, Rajab BS, Babalghith AO, et al. Flavonoids a bioactive compound from medicinal plants and its therapeutic applications. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5445291. doi:10.1155/2022/5445291
28. Maigoda TC, Siregar A, Ridhowati S, Krisnasary A. Wound healing and blood sugar effect of Psidium guajava l. leaves and Melastoma malabathricum l. leaves on rats with diabetic foot ulcer. J Appl Sci. 2019;19(4):287–94. doi:10.3923/jas.2019.287.294
29. Sunilson J, Anandarajagopal K, Kumari A, Mohan S. Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaves of Melastoma malabathricum linn. Indian J Pharm Sci.2019;71(6):691-5. doi:10.4103/0250-474x.59556
30. Balamurugan K, Nishanthini A, Mohan VR. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S442–8. doi:10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c122
31. Mazura MP, Susanti D, Rasadah MA. Anti-inflammatory action of components from Melastoma malabathricum. Pharm Biol. 2007;45(5):372–5. doi:10.1080/13880200701214797
32. Pandithurai M, Murugesan S, Sivamurugan V, Lakshmisundram R. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Spatoglossum asperum J.Agardh by HPTLC technique. Am J Mod Chromatogr. 2015;2(1):7-15. doi:10.7726/ajmc.2015.1002
2. Hutchings MI, Truman AW, Wilkinson B. Antibiotics: past, present and future. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019;51:72–80. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.008
3. Katz L, Baltz RH. Natural product discovery: past, present, and future. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;43(2-3):155–76. doi:10.1007/s10295-015-1723-5
4. Nile SH, Park SW. HPTLC densitometry method for simultaneous determination of flavonoids in selected medicinal plants. Front Life Sci. 2015;8(1):97–103. doi:10.1080/21553769.2014.969387
5. Coskun O. Separation techniques: Chromatography. North Clin Istanb. 2016;3(2):156-60. doi:10.14744/nci.2016.32757
6. Mayasari D, Murti YB, Sudarsono S, Pratiwi SUT. Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of Melastoma malabathricum l.: an Indonesian traditional medicinal plant. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021;5(5):819–24. doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v5i5.5
7. Joffry SM, Yob NJ, Rofiee MS, Affandi MMRMM, Suhaili Z, Othman F, et al. Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological properties: A review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:258434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/258434
8. Mayasari D, Murti YB, Pratiwi SUT, Sudarsono S, Hanna G, Hamann MT. TLC-based fingerprinting analysis of the geographical variation of Melastoma malabathricum in inland and archipelago regions: A rapid and easy-to-use tool for field metabolomics studies. J Nat Prod. 2022;85(1):292–300. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00622
9. Sihanat A, Palanuvej C, Ruangrunsi N, Rungsihirunrat K. Estimation of aloe-emodin content in Cassia grandis and Cassia garrettiana leaves using TLC densitometric method and TLC image analysis. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2018;80(2):359-65. doi:10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000365
10. Thongsaard W, Chainakul S, Bennett GW, Marsden CA. Determination of barakol extracted from Cassia siamea by HPLC with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001;25(5-6):853–9. doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00380-6
11. Weinstein MP, Patel JB. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: M07-A11. Wayne, PA: Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 2018, p. 92.
12. Sharma HK, Chhangte L, Dolui AK. Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(2):146–61. doi:10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00278-1
13. Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang F, Sun GA. Strategy for qualitative and quantitative profiling of glycyrrhiza extract and discovery of potential markers by fingerprint-activity relationship modeling. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1309. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38601-y
14. Altemimi A, Watson DG, Kinsel M, Lightfoot DA. Simultaneous extraction, optimization, and analysis of flavonoids and polyphenols from peach and pumpkin extracts using a TLC-densitometric method. Chem Cent J. 2015;9:39. doi:10.1186/s13065-015-0113-4
15. Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Kustrin E, Gegechkori V, Morton D. High-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with microchemical and biochemical derivatizations in bioactivity profiling of marine species. Mar Drugs. 2019;17(3):148. doi:10.3390/md17030148
16. Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Morton DW. Hyphenated TLC as a tool in the effect-directed discovery of bioactive natural products. Appl Sci. 2020;10(3):1123. doi:10.3390/app10031123
17. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods. 2015;18(B):820-97. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018
18. Muflihah CH, Haryoto H, Indrayudha P. Cytotoxic assay of semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple (Annona squamosa l.) stem bark on T47D cells. Pharmacon J Farmasi Indones. 2020;17(2):148–56. doi:10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.12268
19. Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Biological potential and medical use of secondary metabolites. Medicines. 2019;6(2):66. doi:10.3390/medicines6020066
20. Karthika K, Paulsamy S. TLC and HPTLC fingerprints of various secondary metabolites in the stem of the traditional medicinal climber, Solena amplexicaulis. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2015;77(1):111-6. doi:10.4103/0250-474x.151591
21. Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal. 2016;6(2):71–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
22. Mayasari D, Murti YB, Pratiwi SUT, Sudarsono S. TLC-contact bioautography and disc diffusion method for investigation of the antibacterial activity of Melastoma malabathricum L. leaves. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021;14(12):6463–70. doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01117
23. Fuhrman B, Aviram M. Flavonoids protect LDL from oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001;12(1):41–8. doi:10.1097/00041433-200102000-00008
24. Mayasari D, Murti YB, Pratiwi SUT, Sudarsono S. Metabolic fingerprinting of Melastoma malabathricum L. extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector combined with chemometric data analysis. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2021;11(9):48-56. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2021.110906
25. Wong KC, Hag-Ali DM, Boey PL. Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Melastoma malabathricum L. Nat Prod Res. 2012;26:609–18. doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.538395
26. Yoshida T, Nakata F, Hosotani K, Nitta A, Okudat T. Dimeric hydrolysable tannins from Melastoma malabathricum. Phytochemistry. 1992;31:2829–33. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(92)83641-B
27. Roy A, Khan A, Ahmad I, Alghamdi S, Rajab BS, Babalghith AO, et al. Flavonoids a bioactive compound from medicinal plants and its therapeutic applications. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5445291. doi:10.1155/2022/5445291
28. Maigoda TC, Siregar A, Ridhowati S, Krisnasary A. Wound healing and blood sugar effect of Psidium guajava l. leaves and Melastoma malabathricum l. leaves on rats with diabetic foot ulcer. J Appl Sci. 2019;19(4):287–94. doi:10.3923/jas.2019.287.294
29. Sunilson J, Anandarajagopal K, Kumari A, Mohan S. Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaves of Melastoma malabathricum linn. Indian J Pharm Sci.2019;71(6):691-5. doi:10.4103/0250-474x.59556
30. Balamurugan K, Nishanthini A, Mohan VR. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S442–8. doi:10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c122
31. Mazura MP, Susanti D, Rasadah MA. Anti-inflammatory action of components from Melastoma malabathricum. Pharm Biol. 2007;45(5):372–5. doi:10.1080/13880200701214797
32. Pandithurai M, Murugesan S, Sivamurugan V, Lakshmisundram R. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Spatoglossum asperum J.Agardh by HPTLC technique. Am J Mod Chromatogr. 2015;2(1):7-15. doi:10.7726/ajmc.2015.1002
Authors
1.
Mayasari D, Murti YB, Pratiwi SUT, Sudarsono S. Antibacterial Activity and TLC-Densitometric Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Leaves of the Traditional Herb, Melastoma malabathricum L. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2022Nov.30 [cited 2024Dec.21];5(4):334-4. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/3818
Copyright (c) 2022 Dian Mayasari, Yosi Bayu Murti, Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi, Sudarsono Sudarsono
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