Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics, and Total Flavonoids Content of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis): The Indigenous Herbal Medicine from Kalimantan
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Submitted
19 January 2024
19 January 2024
Published
30 August 2024
30 August 2024
Abstract
Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis), a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indonesia, particularly on Kalimantan Island, has garnered interest for its potential health benefits. However, scientific evidence remains scarce. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of S. littoralis extract and its total phenolic and flavonoid content. Ethanol extraction and evaporation were used to prepare the extract. The DPPH method assessed antioxidant activity, while Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 complexation methods quantified total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. The S. littoralis extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 54.19 ± 8.15 µg/mL. Additionally, the extract contained substantial levels of phenolics (0.649 ± 0.026% GAE) and flavonoids (1.084 ± 0.043% QE). These findings suggest a link between the high phenolic and flavonoid content of S. littoralis extract and its observed strong antioxidant activity.
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19. Anesini C, Ferraro GE, Filip R. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea (Camellia sinensis) in Argentina. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(19):9225–9. DOI: 10.1021/jf8022782; PMID: 18778031
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21. Molyneux P. Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating anti-oxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2004;26(2):211-9.
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25. Mustafa SK, Oyouni AAWA, Aljohani MMH, Ahmad MA. Polyphenols more than an antioxidant: Role and scope. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2020;14(1):47–61. DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.1.08
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2. Hamzah H, Pratiwi T, Jabbar A, Pratama A, Putri RM. Tumbuhan Bajakah Kalimantan (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk). Malang: Penulis Cerdas Indonesia; 2012.
3. Sianipar RNR, Suryanegara L, Fatriasari W, Arung ET, Kusuma IW, Achmadi SS, et al. The role of selected flavonoids from bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) stem on cosmetic properties: A review. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(3):382-400. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.006; PMCID: PMC10071331; PMID: 37026052
4. Susanti R, Zuhud EAM. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation: The medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people in Kayan Mentarang National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 2019;20(9):2764–79. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200943
5. Az-Zahra FR, Sari NLW, Saputry R, Nugroho GD, Pribadi T, Sunarto, et al. Review: Traditional knowledge of the Dayak Tribes (Borneo) in the use of medicinal plants. Biodiversitas. 2021;22(10):4633-47. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221057
6. Hasna LZ, Sehkhaemi P, Aviciena MA. Review: Akar Kayu Bajakah dan Manfaatnya untuk Kesehatan. FoodTech J Teknologi Pangan. 2021;4(1):32-9. DOI: 10.26418/jft.v4i1.56637
7. Fitriani, Sampepana E, Saputra SH. Karakterisasi Tumbuhan Akar Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) dari LOA KULU Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. J Riset Teknologi Industri. 2020;14(2):365–76. DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v14i2.6590
8. Rousdy DW, Wardoyo ERP, Ifadatin S. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Stem (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Ethanolic Extract in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Mice. J Biodjati. 2022;7(1):66–74. DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.14126
9. Nastati K, Nugraha DF. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Wood Extract (Spatholobus Littoralis Hask). J Surya Medika. 2022;7(2):45–50. DOI: 10.33084/jsm.v7i2.3202
10. Zein MFF, Hazar S, Suwendar. Uji Sitotoksik Fraksi dan Ekstrak Batang Kayu Bajakah (Uncaria sp.) Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Bandung Conf Ser Pharm. 2022;2(2):1-11. DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v2i2.4567
11. Ikwanti D, Perawati S, Andriani L. Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi tumbuhan bajakah kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L) Merr) terhadap Propionibacterium acne. Syntax Lit J Ilmiah Indones. 2023;8(11):149–200. DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i11.10461
12. Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, et al. The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants. 2021;10(2):146. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020146; PMCID: PMC7909411; PMID: 33498338
13. Aguilar TAF, Navarro BCH, Pérez JAM. Endogenous Antioxidants: A Review of their Role in Oxidative Stress. In: Morales-Gonzales JA, Morales-Gonzales A, Madrigal-Santillan EO, editors. A Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress - The Transcription Factor Nrf2. London: InTechOpen; 2016. DOI: 10.5772/65715
14. Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, Yeskaliyeva B, Razis AFA, Modu B, et al. Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Front Chem. 2023;11:1158198. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158198; PMCID: PMC10206224; PMID: 37234200
15. Sharifi-Rad M, Kumar NVA, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, et al. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol. 2020;11:694. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694; PMCID: PMC7347016; PMID: 32714204
16. Rafi M, Meitary N, Septaningsih DA, Bintang M. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves Extracts Using Different Solvent Extraction. Indones J Pharm. 2020;31(3):171–80. DOI: 10.22146/ijp.598
17. Mathew S, Abraham TE. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models. Food Chem. 2006;94(4):520–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.043
18. Gulcin I, Alwasel SH. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay. Processes. 2023;11(8):2248. DOI: 10.3390/pr11082248
19. Anesini C, Ferraro GE, Filip R. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea (Camellia sinensis) in Argentina. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(19):9225–9. DOI: 10.1021/jf8022782; PMID: 18778031
20. Zhang C, Liu D, Wu L, Jianming Z, Li X, Wu W. Chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract and its fractions from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) leaves. Foods. 2019;9(1):15. DOI: 10.3390/foods9010015; PMCID: PMC7022882; PMID: 31877941Priyadarshini
21. Molyneux P. Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating anti-oxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2004;26(2):211-9.
22. Gonzales-Morales JA. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - A Role for Antioxidants. London: InTechOpen; 2013. DOI: 10.5772/45722
23. Baliyan S, Mukherjee R, Priyadarshini A, Vibhuti A, Gupta A, Pandey RP, et al. Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules. 2022;27(4):1326. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041326; PMCID: PMC8878429; PMID: 35209118
24. Iskandar D, Widodo N, Warsito, Masruri, Rollando, Antang YPP. Phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic of fractions of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk from Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Hunan Univ Nat Sci. 2022;49(3):14–23. DOI: 10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.3.2
25. Mustafa SK, Oyouni AAWA, Aljohani MMH, Ahmad MA. Polyphenols more than an antioxidant: Role and scope. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2020;14(1):47–61. DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.1.08
26. Muji I, Šertovi E, Joki S, Sari Z, Alibabi V, Vidovi S, et al. Isoflavone content and antioxidant properties of soybean seeds. Croat J Food Sci Technol. 2011;3(1):16–20.
27. Arifin YF, Hamidah S, Hatta GM. Comparison of the Flavonoid Contents of Bajakah Plants from Tropical Forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Hunan Univ Nat Sci. 2021;48(8):22–6. DOI: 10.55463/issn.1674-2974.48.8.15
28. Ilyasov IR, Beloborodov VL, Selivanova IA, Terekhov RP. ABTS/PP Decolorization Assay of Antioxidant Capacity Reaction Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):1131. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031131; PMCID: PMC7037303; PMID: 32046308
29. Mahfudh N, Sulistyani N, Khoirot AF, Safira TI, Othman F, Zakaria ZA. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaves Ethanol Extract Increases Endogenous Antioxidant Activities in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Sains Malays. 2022;51(9):2873–83. DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-11
Authors
1.
Mahfudh N, Murdi HB, Utami D, Ahda M, Nashihah S, Andika A. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics, and Total Flavonoids Content of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis): The Indigenous Herbal Medicine from Kalimantan. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2024Aug.30 [cited 2025Apr.7];7(3):247-53. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/6609
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurkhasanah Mahfudh, Habib Basyanur Murdi, Dwi Utami, Mustofa Ahda, Siti Nashihah, Andika Andika
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